Gibbs free energy under nonstandard conditions

Thus far, we have considered only situations under standard conditions. But how do we cope with nonstandard conditions The change in Gibbs free energy under nonstandard conditions is ... 

The first term, AG°, is the change in Gibb s free energy under standard-state conditions defined as a temperature of 298 K, all gases with partial pressures of 1 atm, all solids and liquids pure, and all solutes present with 1 M concentrations. The second term, which includes the reaction quotient, Q, accounts for nonstandard-state pressures or concentrations. Eor reaction 6.1 the reaction quotient is... 

Free enthalpy of the formation of 1 mole of any substance imder standard conditions from atoms and up to the standard state is called standard free enthalpy (Gibbs energy) of formation. This potential is determined by way of subtle physicochemical experiments and measurements. Its values are continuously fine-tuned and published in articles, monographs and reference publications. In composite Tables the standard potential is usually provided for temperature of 298.15 K (25 °C) and denoted as AZp29s or AGp 298> its value, as a rule, is negative and has the dimension kcal mole or J mole Standard potential serves a measure of potential energy of inter-atomic or inter-molecular bonds in individual chemical compounds. Knowing its values, it is possible to determine free enthalpy of substances under any nonstandard conditions. 

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