Gia

A. N. Wilson, Diamonds from Birth to Eternity, GIA, Santa Monica, Calif., 1982. 

B Neoceram-lS (Trade name of Nippon Electric Class Co. Ltd.) C Corning code 9650 (Machinable gia s-ceramic)... 

Cycloplegic mydriatics cause mydriasis and cyclople-gia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle, resulting in an inability to focus the eye). These drugs (see Chap. 25) are used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the iris and uveal tract of the eye and for examination of the eye... 

Kaiser, W.M. (1987). Effects of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Physiolo-gia Plantarum, 71, 142-9. 

Gaff, D.F. (1977). Desiccation tolerant vascular plants of southern Africa. Oecolo-gia, 31, 95-109. 

Peptides in the a-conotoxin family are inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. They were first isolated from C. geographus venom as components which cause paralysis in mice and fish when injected intraperitoneally (27). Early physiological experiments (28) indicated that a-conotoxins GI, GII, and GIA (see Table III) all act at the muscle end plate region. Mini end-plate potentials and end plate potentials evoked in response to nerve stimulation are inhibited in the presence of a-conotoxins in the nM to pM range. a-Conotoxin GI was subsequently shown to compete with rf-tubocurarine and a-bungarotoxin for the acetylcholine receptor (29). 

Radioiodinated derivatives have been prepared to define more closely the target site of a-conotoxins on the acetylcholine receptor (R. Myers, unpublished data). In membrane preparations from Torpedo electroplax, photoactivatable azidosalicylate derivatives of a-conotoxin GIA preferentially label the p and 7 subunits of the acetylcholine receptor. However, when the photoactivatable derivative is cross-linked to detergent solubilized acetylcholine receptor (AChR), only the 7 subunit is labeled. Since snake a-neurotoxins mainly bind to the a subunits of AChR and a-conotoxins compete directly with a-bungarotoxin, the cross-linking results above are both intriguing and problematic. 

Gia O et al. (1997) Some new methyl-8-methoxypsoralens synthesis, photobinding to DNA, photobiological properties and molecular modelling. Farmaco 52(6-7) 389-397... 

In the Asia-Pacific region, AItingia excelsa Noronha (Liquidambar altingiana Bl.), Alan-gia gracilipes Hemsl. (Amyris ambrosiaca L.f.), Liquidambar orientalis Mill, and Liquidambar formosana Hance are of medicinal value. The purified basalm obtained from the trunk of Liquidambar orientalis Mill, or prepared storax (British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1969) has been used similarly as Peru basalm in the form of an ointment to treat scabies and other skin diseases, and as an ingredient of Compound Benzoin Tincture. 

Coli, S., Chang, H.-C., Mollner, S. et al. Chronic lithium regulates the expression of adenylate cyclase and Gia in rat cerebral cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 10634-10637,1991. 

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