Germany field tests

Because the application of Pd catalysts to the treatment of contaminated water is relatively new, only one major field study (at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories) has been conducted and published thus far. (McNab et al. 2000) Other studies, such as that in Bitterfeld, Germany, are currently underway. The Bitterfeld site operates at a residence time of 15 minutes, with a flow of approximately 100 pore volumes/day and uses a zeolite-supported Pd catalyst, which was optimized in laboratory experiments. In the initial tests in the field, the catalyst was deactivated, apparently by sulfide-producing bacteria. Treating the column with 10 g/L of hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours each week (approximately 8 pore volumes of peroxide solution per 700 pore volumes of water treated) resulted in column operation for 15 weeks with 90-99% removal of chlorobenzene and without any apparent catalyst deactivation. (Weiss et al. 1999) As the Pd technology develops further, more field tests are expected. 

Casper, R. and J. Landsmann (1992). The Biosafety Results of Field Tests of Genetically Modified Plants and Microorganisms. Proceeding of the Second International Symposium. Coslar, Germany Biologiche Bundesanstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft. 

To describe our use of these programs, a simple procedure will be shown for the optimization of an experimental synthetic pyrethroid formulation FCR 1272 2EC. It was originated by the parent company of Farbenfabriken Bayer GmbH, Leverkusen, West Germany. In world wide laboratory, greenhouse and field testing it has been proven to be an excellent non-systemic, foliar insecticide for the control of chewing insects. 

In Germany no field tests with groimdwater containing MTBE have yet been accompHshed. 

So the PEMFC and the SOFC are left over for the usages in fuel-cell heating appliances. Both fuel-cell types with their dis- and advantages will be discussed here. By the way both fuel-ceU types are used today in fuel-cell heating appliances. As mentioned before both types are demonstrated in huge field test programs, e.g. CALLUX in Germany or ene.field project in Europe. 

Fig. 6.3 Installation of the Callux field test in Germany (www.callux.net) at a customer site...

Field test to evaluate the settlement of a railway line close to Chemnitz (Germany) ... 

Field tests to evaluate the benefit of a geotechnical reinforcement of a slope failure at Zimmersrode (Germany). 

The location of the test is in correspondence with a curve of a railroad near Chemnitz (Germany), as shown in Figure 13.11. The traffic volume in the nearby rail track is very high. The portion of the embankment we tested is more than 100 years old and was selected because it was under reconstmction. The motivations for the field test were... 

Field tests to evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of a geotechnical reinforcement to improve the stability of a slope failure and to decrease the failure speed were carried out at an old mining site in Zimmersrode, located about 50 km south of Kassel, Germany (see Figure 13.13). Two types of multi-functional geotextiles (MFCs) were considered an optical fibre sensor integrated in geogrids and three optical fibre... 

In response to biological weapons development in Germany and Japan, the USA, UK and Canada initiated a bioweapon development programme that resulted in the weaponisation of tularaemia, anthrax, brucellosis and botulism toxin. Field-testing by the UK during World War II left Gruinard Island in Scotland contaminated with anthrax for the next half-century. 

Sulzer Hexis started its SOFC development in 1989 [53,54], In the period 1989-1997, two proof-of-concept systems were demonstrated in Winterthur, Switzerland, at Sulzer Hexis facilities and in Dortmund, Germany (Dortmund Energy and Water utility company DEW). This proof-of-concept phase was followed by a field test on six customer sites in Switzerland, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain and Germany. Together, these field test units accumulated 65,600 operating hours. The field test phase was finished in 2000 and currently the market entry phase has started. Sulzer Hexis has orders for more than 400 of its HXS 1000 Premiere fuel cell units. The customers are utility companies, mainly located in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Systems will be delivered from 2003 onward [55], Sulzer Hexis expects to sell 10,000 units in 2005 and to increase annual sales to 260,000 units by 2010. 

CONANT, JAMES BRYANT (1893-1978). An American chemisi and educator, bom in Boslon, who received his doctorate in chemisiry from Harvard in 1916 and was president of Harvard for 20 years (1933-19531. His major scientific activities included pioneering research on chlorophyll and importanl contributions to the Manhattan Project. Perhaps his greatest achievements lay in the educational field, in which he exerted a strong liberalizing influence at both the collegiate and secondary school levels. He also was ambassador to postwar Germany and educational adviser to Berlin. He wrote many books on science and education, including basic chemical tests, and received a number of scientific and educational awards. 

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