Germanium oxide particles

This is illustrated in Fig. 1 the oxidation was carried out at a pressure of approximately 10" mm and at 900°C, at this temperature the oxide is volatile thus a pit is formed. Fig. 2 shows oxidation at a similar pressure on ill material although there are fewer oxidation pits in this picture, they are not found at dislocation sites. Oxidation in concentrated nitric acid had the advantage that the oxide layer left by the CP4 etch that was used to remove the damaged layer could be removed by HF. Many more oxide particles were formed on surfaces that did not have this oxide layer removed prior to oxidation. Thus we can say, at least for germanium, that the dislocations do not act as preferential sites for the nucleation of oxidation. 

Antimicrobial agents are used where there is a need to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. The additives can consist of copper, germanium, zinc and zinc compounds, metal oxides or sulfides, metal zeofltes, as well as silver and copper oxide-coated inorganic core particles (154—159) (see Industrial ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS). 

Determination of Coke Location. The TPO technique allows the determination of the coke location on supported metal catalysts, such as naphtha reforming. Since the metal, typically platinum promoted with rhenium, iridium, tin, or germanium, has a catalytic effect for coke burning, the TPO profile displays two main peaks. The low temperature peak is due to the oxidation of the coke directly deposited on the metal particle, or in its vicinity . In this way, it is possible to study the effect of catalyst formulation and operational conditions on the formation of coke on the metal and on the support. 

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