GERMAN RISK

The RSS was used by pro- and anti-nuclear power advocates in the Proposition 15 (nuclear power ban) voting in California the Barsebek and Ringhals PSAs were prepared as part of the nuclear controversy in Sweden the German Risk Study, 1981, had similar applications as did the Sizewell-B studies in Great Britain,... 

German risk study nuclear power plants (phases A and B) (1979) [24] and (1990) [25] Nuclear power station Biblis B (pressurized water reactor)... 

German Risk Study on NPPs phase B, GRS., June 1989. 

Sr-89 (ty, = 50.5 days) and Sr-90 (ty, = 28.81 years) are produced by nuclear fission with relatively large fission yields. The value of the ratio (activity Sr-89/activity Sr-90) in nuclear fuel varies with the degree of bum-up. For nuclide inventories of reactors in the middle and at the end of an operating period, respectively, the German Risk Study on Nuclear Power Stations gives mean values for this ratio of 19.8 and 23.6. The mean value for fuel rods with maximum bum-up (i.e. just prior to removal from the reactor) is initially 12.3, which decreases to almost 1 after cooling for half a year. 

If there are specific data germane to the assumption of dose-additivity (e g., if two compounds arc present at the same site and it is known that the combination is five times more toxic than the sum of the toxicitics for the two compounds), then tire development of the hazard index should be modified accordingly. The reader can refer to the EPA (1986b) mi.xiure guidelines for discussion of a hazjird index equation that incorporates quantitative interaction data. If data on chemical interactions are available, but arc not adequate to support a quantitative assessment, note the information in the assumptions being documented for the risk assessment. 

Barthel E. 1981. [Cancer risk in pesticide exposed agricultural workers]. Arch Geschwulstforsch 51 579-585. (German)... 

Soost S, Leynaert B, Almquist C, Edenharter G, 51 Zuberbier T, Worm M Risk factor of adverse reactions to food in German adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2009 39 1036-1044. 

Heuschmann PU, Berger K, Misselwitz B, Hermanek P, Leffmann C, Adelmann M, Buecker-Nott HI, Rother J, Neundoerfer B, Kolominsky-Rabas PL. Frequency of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and the risk of in-hospital mortality The German Stroke Registers Study Group. Stroke. 2003 34 1106-1113. 

This was March 1938. You said (in writing to the German authorities) "We are under the impression that one cannot stem things in the United States for much longer, without taking the risk of being faced all of a sudden by an unpleasant situation.. . . This is all I want to know Is it your present view that these statements are true or false ... 

Although such tendencies are often viewed individually or by segments, it also appears that generalizations can even be made across some country segments. For instance, it appears that Germans are much more influenced by their attitudes toward risk than by their actual perceptions of risk. In a controlled scenario-based study involving consumers from Germany, The Netherlands, and the United States, these consumers were asked the extent to which they would consume beef under four different risk scenarios in... 

FIG. 9 Risk perceptions drive Dutch consumption of beef, but risk attitudes drive German consumption of beef. 

The German Environmental Ministry is reported to have attacked European proposals to ban substances such as specific flame retardants in forthcoming regulations for recycling electrical and electronic equipment. Initial proposals from the EU Commission on the disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment, include a phaseout of PBDEs, despite preliminary findings under EU risk assessment that there is no need for risk reduction from the two types, decaBDE and octaBDE mainly used in such equipment. The Ministry is said to be concerned at the excessively prescriptive and restrictive system being proposed, and that substance restrictions should not be addressed in waste legislation, but should be based on life cycle risk assessments. 

GERMAN LAW FOR THE PREVENTION, IDENTIFICATION, INVESTIGATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SITES AND HARMFUL SOIL CHANGES... 

It should not be assumed that all birth defects and functional abnormalities in children are caused by drugs or environmental chemicals. It is clear that environmental factors such as extreme heat or cold, certain forms of radiation, infections (particularly German measles and syphilis), dietary deficiencies, and genetic disorders in the parents can all put the developing fetus at risk. 

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