Geosynthetic filters

Heibaum, M., 2008. Placement procedures and tests for geosynthetic filters in waterways. In 4th European Geosynthetics Conference 7th—10th September 2008 Edinburgh. Paper Nr. 159. 

Mackey, R. E and Koemer, G. R. (1999), Biological clogging of geotextile filters a five year study. Geosynthetics 99, Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, pp. 783-798. 

Table 19.1. Design requirements for geosynthetics with a filter and separation function.

Rohde, J. R. Gribb, M. M. 1990. Biological and Particulate Clogging of Geotextile/Soil Filter Systems. In Koerner, M. (ed.) Geosynthetic Testing for Waste Containment Applications. ASTM STP 1081, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 299-312. 

Cazzuffi, D., lelo, D., Mandaglio, M.C., Moraci, N., 2015. Recent developments in the design of geotextile filters. In Keynote Lecture in the 2nd International GSI-Asia Geosynthetics Conference (GSI-Asia 2015), Seoul, Korea (Rep.), June 24—26, 2015. 

Gardoni, M.G., 2000. Hydraulic and Filter Characteristics of Geosynthetics Under Pressure and Clogging Conditions (Ph.D. thesis). University of Brasilia. 

Palmeira, E.M., Gardoni, M.G., Bessa da Luz, D.W., 2005. Soil-geotextile filter interaction under high stress levels in the gradient ratio test. Geosynthetics International 12,162—175. 

Depending on the application of the filter, often a second property of the geotextUe is asked for. Some uses need tensile strength, such as silt fences or geosynthetic enclosed sand columns some require high general robustness, eg, filters under hard armour or fabric for geosynthetic containers. 

Heibaum, M., 2014. Rethinking geotextile filter design. Proc. 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics (lOICG), September 21—25, 2014, Berlin, Germany. Paper 142, 8 p. 

To place a filter under such conditions, elements are needed that combine the required filter capacity with sufficient weight to resist the hydraulic load. Geosynthetic containers can meet these requirements. Another solution at the coast or in large rivers to use fascine (wUlow) mattresses. 

Heibaum, M., 1999. Coastal scour stabihzation using granular filter in geosynthetic nonwoven containers. Geotextiles Geomembranes 17, 341—352. 

Figure 20.17 Fascine mattress technique for installing basal geotextile filters on the seabed. Courtesy TenCate Geosynthetics.

In aU of these functions, the geosynthetic is acting in one of two unique ways either it is actively controlling the dislodgement of soil, called erosion control, or it is intercepting and filtering the dislodged soil, called sediment, out of suspension once it has been transported by mnoff, called sediment control or sediment retention. 

Geosynthetic-enhanced TRMs, FFRs, and GCSs. Also, it cannot be overstated how important geotextiles are as filters used beneath hard armor systems such as riprap and articulating blocks. 

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