Geoscience, forensic

Whenever the appropriate specimens can be prepared, this mode is normally the one preferred for trace-element analysis in geoscience, air polludon and atmospheric science, biology, medicine, water analysis, and forensic science. In this case, the ions pass through the specimen with negligible energy loss and there is minimal absorption of X rays. 

Laser ablation has become a prominent analytical technique over the past decade with applications crossing into many scientific disciplines, including geoscience, environmental, and forensics, among others (Baudelet, et al. 2007 ... 

Lundegard, P. D., Haddad, R., and Brearley, M., 1998, Methods Associated with a Large Gasoline Spill Forensic Determination of Origin and Source Environmental Geosciences, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 69-77. 

In its history, mass spectrometry has passed through fascinating scientific epochs of development and supplied important contributions to the world view in quite different fields of science (especially in the life sciences, environmental science and technology, material and nuclear sciences, geosciences, cosmochemistry,1 planetary and forensic sciences) and in basic studies in chemistry and physics. 

Rendle, D. F. (2004). Database use in forensic analysis. Crystallogr. Rev. 10,23-28. Ruffell, A. and McKinley, J. (2004). Forensic geoscience Applications of geology, geomorphology and geophysics to criminal investigations. Earth-Sci. Rev. 69, 235-247. 

Cameron, N. G. (2004). The use of diatom analysis in forensic geoscience, in Forensic Geoscience Principles, Techniques and Applications (K. Pye and D. J. Croft, Eds.). London Geological Society Special Publication 232,277-280. 

---