Level geometrical

Figure 10.12. (a) Uniform deposition thickness in a groove after a time q (b) evolution of a groove profile during deposition, resulting in geometric leveling. 

Geometric and electronic properties are obviously mutually interdependent. These also influence, and are influenced by, the interaction of chemical entities with their environment (e.g., solvent). A number of molecular properties which are accessible by experiment result from, or are markedly influenced by, interactions with the environment (e.g., solvation, ionisation, partitioning, reactivity). For these reasons, the concept of chemical structure must be extended to include interaction with the environment. Table 1 summarizes the above discussion and may help broaden the intuitive grasp of the concept of chemical structure. Table 1 is also useful in that it allows a delineation of the matters to be discussed in this chapter. As indicated by the title, we will consider molecules at the geometric levels of modellization, either as rigid (configurational aspects) or as flexible geometric objects (conformational aspects). Broader conceptual levels (electronic features, interaction with the environment) lie outside the scope of this chapter and will be considered only occasionally. 

Figure 2.3 Schematic of the four stabilization methods (a) geometric leveling during conformal deposition (attimes tn through t5) in a feature with a non-reentrant sidewall angle ...

Figure 2.26 Conformal deposition in a V-notch groove gives rise to geometric leveling. As shown, the dihedral angle p of the feature substantially impacts the deposit thickness in the field, h, that is required to completely fill a groove of depth H.

Combining formulae (19) and (21), and changing the sign of we finally arrive at the tidal correction or geometric levelling (or orthometric or normal height differences)... 

During tunnel boring, height information inside the tunnels can only be obtained by geometric levelling. This technique results in orthometric height differences... 

GPS combined with geometric levelling yielded the best possible results. Since levelling had to be performed in the portal networks anyway, and GPS measurements were also employed for the purpose of horizontal control the required orthometric height difference between Sjaelland and Sprog0 was gained almost by the by. 

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