Geology/geochemistry

Hedenquist, J.W., Matsuhisa, Y., Izawa, E., White, N.C., Giggenbach, W.F. and Aoki, M. (1994) Geology, geochemistry, and origin of high sulfidation Cu-Au mineralization in the Nansatsu district, Japan. Econ. Geol, 89, 1-30. 

It is a common misconception that opinions and interpretations are only offered by forensic scientists and Public Analysts. Analysts from many areas are required to provide this service, e.g. those dealing with consumer safety, geology/geochemistry, oil exploration and food science, to mention but a few. Some examples are given below. 

Sinclair, W.D., Kooiman, G.J.A., Martin, D.A., Kjarsgaard, I.M. 2006. Geology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Indium Resources at Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 28, 123-145. 

Peters, S. G. (ed.) (2002). Geology, geochemistry, and geophysics of sedimentary rock-hosted gold deposits in P.R. China. U.S. Geological Survey Open-Pile Repost 02—131, version 1.0, CD-ROM. 

We thank H. W. Hagemann, PhD., member of the faculty of geology, geochemistry and oil and coal deposits of the Aachen technical university for having carried out the micropetrographical investigations. 

Barsukov V. E., Basilevsky A. T., Volkov V. P., and Zharkov V. N. (eds.) (1992) Venus Geology, Geochemistry, and Geophysics. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 

Cabri L. J. (ed.) (2002) The Geology Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Beneficiation of Platinum-group Elements. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. 

Leach, D. L., Viets, J. G., Kozlowski, A., and Kibitlewski, S., 1997, Geology, geochemistry, and genesis of the SUesia-Cracow zinc-lead district, southern Poland Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits in Sangster, D. F. e., ed., Special Publication, Society of Economic Geologists, p. 144-170. 

Emelyanov, E. M., 1995. Baltic Sea geology, geochemistry, paleoceanography, pollution, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Kaliningrad (Yantarny Skaz). 120 p. 

The textbook is intended for students specializing in geology, geochemistry, hydrogeology and ecology, and also may be of use to hydrologists and oceanologists. 

Marinsky JA, Glendenin LE, Coryell CD (1947) The chemical identification of radioisotopes of Neodymium and of element 61. J Am Chem Soc 69(ll) 2781-2785 McLennan SM (2012) Geology, geochemistry, and natural abundances of the rare earth elements. In Atwood DA (ed) The rare earth elements—fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York, pp 1-19... 

Building on the more elementary material in the first edition, this textbook will be ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in geology, geochemistry, geophysics and environmental science. 

GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND NATURAL ABUNDANCES OF THE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS 3... 

REEs are classified as lithophiles and are partitioned into the earth s crust and mantle. The name rare earths originated over a century ago when the elements were first identified in minerals that, at the time, were rare. The elements are actually distributed widely over the earth and relatively accessible on the earth s surface. For a comprehensive description of REE geology, geochemistry, and natural abundances, see Geology, Geochemistry, and Natural Abundances of the Rare Earth Elements. In 2010, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated that there were REE reserves of 110 million metric tons (mt). The static depletion index, the ratio of reserves to present-day production, for REEs is approximately 870 years. Thus, the primary immediate consideration is whether REE production can match demand, and particularly whether it will be possible to increase the use of dysprosium and neodymium in wind turbines and the batteries of electric vehicles. 

Geology, Geochemistry, and Natural Abundances of the Rare Earth Elements Heterogeneous Catalysis Homogeneous Catalysis Eanthanides Luminescence Applications Magnetism. 

They have very close chemical properties with scandium and yttrium and the whole series is often referred as rare earth elements, since lanthanides were historically isolated from uncommon oxide-type minerals. However this term is not totally adequate, the lanthanides are not to be considered as rare, because even a scarce 4f-element such as lutetium is more abundant than silver (see Geology, Geochemistry, and Natural Abundances of the Rare Earth Elements). 

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