Genotoxic substances, exposure from

The genotoxic substances acrylamide, DMS and 1,4-dioxane and one substance with a very low derived no effect level (DNEL), AA, require specific restrictions to control direct exposures for professional uses and potential diffuse environmental emissions from high total volumes of use in professional products. 

Mononuclear Cell Leukemia (MNCL) is unique to the rat, and is only common in the F-344 (common name Fischer rat) inbred rat strain, which is the strain used by the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP). Elevated incidences of MNCL have been observed in a number of chronic bioassays in the F-344 rat. The frequency differs between males and females, with an incidence in males around 50%, and an incidence in females around 30%, with a large variation from study to study. It has been shown for some genotoxic carcinogens that exposure does not lead to an increase in MNCL in the F-344 rat, while a number of substances, which are believed to be noncarcinogens,... 

Studies are not needed if the substance is a known genotoxic carcinogen and/or a germ cell mutagen and appropriate risk management measures are implemented. Also, the studies are not needed if the substance has no evidence of toxicity, there is no systemic absorption (from toxicokinetic data) and there is no significant human exposure. 

Genotoxicity. Chronic occupational exposure to multiple insecticides, including diazinon, has been associated with an increased incidence of chromosomal aberration and increased sister chromatid exchange in peripheral blood lymphocytes in these individuals (de Ferrari et al. 1991 Kiraly et al. 1979 See et al. 1990). The results from these studies are confounded by either concurrent or sequential (or both) exposures to other unknown toxic substances, mainly other insecticides, that may be genotoxic. No in vivo genotoxicity studies in laboratory animals were located for diazinon. The results of in vitro tests in... 

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