Genomes/human genome cell differentiation

While the sequence of the human genome is known, the picture provided by genomics alone is both static and incomplete. Proteomics aims to identify the entire complement of proteins elaborated by a cell under diverse conditions. As genes are switched on and off, proteins are synthesized in particular cell types at specific times of growth or differentiation and in response to external stimuli. Muscle cells express proteins not expressed by neural cells, and the type of subunits present... 

HK-2 cells (Human Kidney 2) (ATCC CRL-2190) are a human derived cell line immortalized by transduction with human papilloma virus 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 genes [109], The E6/E7 genes are present in the HK-2 genome as determined by PCR. The cells retained a phenotype indicative of a differentiated proximal tubule cells, although confluent HK-2 monolayers do not form domes and generate only a weak transient TEER of 20 2.cm2 [110]. However, it was shown that barrier function could be... 

Francke W. (1994) Digitized and differentially shaded human chromosome ideograms for genomic applications. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 6 206-219. 

Figure 13.4 Genomic visualization produced by the UCSC genome browser by the rtracklayer example. The track named targetTrack showing microRNA target sites for the differentially expressed genes in the human stem cell experiment, was uploaded to the browser from R. We find, for example, that there is a SNP within the target site.

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