Genome bacteriophages

MarinelU, L.J., Hatfull, G.F., and Piuri, M. (2012) Recombineering A powerful tool for modification of bacteriophage genomes. Bacteriophage 2, 5-14. 

Yeast (Saeeharomyees eerevisiae) has a genome size of 1.21 X 10 bp. If a genomic library of yeast DNA was constructed in a bacteriophage A vector capable of carrying 16-kbp inserts, how many indi-... 

When a virus multiplies, the genome becomes released from the coat. This process occurs during the infection process. The present chapter is divided into three parts. The first part deals with basic concepts of virus structure and function. The second part deals with the nature and manner of multiplication of the bacterial viruses (bacteriophages). In this part we introduce the basic molecular biology of virus multiplication. The third part deals with important groups of animal viruses, with emphasis on molecular aspects of animal virus multiplication. 

Viruses may also cause latent infection of a host. In a latent infection, there is a delay between infection by the virus and the appearance of symptoms. Fever blisters (cold sores), caused by the herpes simplex virus, result from a latent viral infection the symptoms reappear sporadically as the virus emerges from latency. The latent stage in viral infection of an animal cell is generally not due to the integration of the viral genome into the genome of the animal cell, as is the case with latent infections by temperate bacteriophages. 

Smith, H. O., Hutchison, C. A. Ill, Pfannkoch, C., and Venter, J. C. (2003). Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 15440-5. 

Staudt LM, Brown PO. Genomic views of the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol 2000 18 829-859. Grigoriev A. A relationship between gene expression and protein interactions on the proteome scale analysis of the bacteriophage T7 and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2001 29 3513-3519. 

XEMBL3A Bacteriophage E. coli Genomic library construction. Reduced chance of escape from laboratory biological containment... 

Almost all plant viruses and some bacterial and animal viruses have RNA genomes. These genomes tend to be particularly small. For example, the genomes of mammalian retroviruses such as HIV are about 9,000 nucleotides long, and that of the bacteriophage Q/3 has 4,220 nucleotides. Both types of viruses have single-stranded RNA genomes. 

Some E. coli bacteriophages, including f2, MS2, R17, and Qj8, as well as some eukaryotic viruses (including influenza and Sindbis viruses, the latter associated with a form of encephalitis) have RNA genomes. The single-stranded RNA chromosomes of these viruses, which also function as mRNAs for the synthesis of viral proteins, are replicated in the host cell by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNA replicase). All RNA viruses—with the exception of retroviruses—must encode a protein with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity because the host cells do not possess this enzyme. 

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