Genom Mutations

Garaj-Vrhovac, V., D. Horvat, and Z. Koren. 1990. The effect of microwave radiation on the cell genome. Mutat. Res. 243 87-93. 

Assays for Chromosomal and Genomic Mutations In vitro cytogenetic assay [OECD 473] / ... 

P. Lopez, and H. Philippe, Composition strand asymmetries in prokaryotic genomes mutational bias and biased gene orientation. C. R. Acad. Sci. HI 324, 201-208 (2001). 

Genomic mutation affects the number of chromosomes, but does not alter the chromosomal structure itself. 

Genomic mutations lead to abnormal chromosome numbers. 

More than one-third of spontaneous abortions are caused by chromosomal and genomic mutations. Chromosomal mutations produce their effect mainly by predisposing the organism to transmit unbalanced combinations of chromosomes. 

There is as yet no validated short-term test for genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy). 

There is a practical reason for so classifying genetic changes. Agents that produce aneuploidy or polyploidy (genomic mutation) are often different from those which produce chromosomal or gene mutation. Gain or loss of whole chromosomes usually is caused by failure of the... 

A report being prepared by Brockman et al.1 2 will describe and evaluate the N. crassa test systems that detect gene and genomic mutations. The most extensively used N. crassa test system is the forward-mutation system developed by de Serres and co-workers.93 In this system,... 

Tates453 has reported that nondisjunction and diploid spermatids have been produced by MMS, ja-fluorophenylalanine, vincristine, procarbazine, carbendazim, and bleomycin (in addition to radiation), but curiously not by colcimid, a well-known polyploidizing agent. If this system can be validated, its simplicity and low cost could make it a candidate for use in routine testing for genomic mutations. 

Aside from conditions that are inherited as simple Hendelian dominants, the most completely understood class is that comprising chromosomal and genomic mutations. 

By far the most accurately determined incidences are those of gross chromosomal abnormalities—both chromosomal mutations (involving changes in chromosome structure) and genomic mutations (changes in chromosome number). A large fraction of the total impact of these is on the first two or three generations. The kinetics of expression of X-... 

No short-term genomic mutation tests have been validated sufficiently to warrant recommendation as routine shortterm screening tests. Tests for detection of aneuploidy are being developed in fungi, field vole, and Drosophila. 

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION A mutational change that simultaneously affects many genes, in that it involves segments of chromosomes, rather than a single genetic locus. (See also GENE MUTATION, POINT MUTATION, and GENOMIC MUTATION)... 

GENOMIC MUTATION A change in the number of chromosomes in the genome that does not alter the structure or arrangement of genes in the chromosomes. (See also ANEUPLOIDY, POLYPLOIDY, CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION, GENE MUTATION, and POINT MUTATION)... 

Chromosomal-Aberration Genomic-Mutation Tests 118 Nondisjunction Tests 123... 

An interpretation of these phenomena is that the Se-defidency allows toxic oxygen to build up in the host cell. The increased levels of toxic oxygen result in an increased rate of damage to the virus s DNA. The increased DMA damage results in the acquisition of mutations in the virus s genome. Mutations have been detected in several different regions of the virus s genome (Beck et a ., 1995),... 

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