Shuffling genes

Figure 3.1 Overview of DNA library creation strategies. Random mutagenesis introduces mutations at positions throughout the gene sequence. Semi-rational design randomizes only the specific position(s) of interest. Gene shuffling brings existing sequence diversity from different parental DNA sequences together to form a chimeric library...

Figure 3.2 Examples of gene shuffling methods used for DNA library creation in directed evolution, (a) Homology-dependent primer-independent DNA shuffling (b) homology-dependent primer-dependent StEP (c) homology-independent SHIPREC...

Albert Tauber I think I can answer that. If one is talking about the generation of diversity, certainly the gene shuffling that goes into making an antibody of a T-cell receptor would be the same kind of process that one looks at in terms of replication of germ cells. 

Other technologies include Molecular GRAMMR gene shuffling and molecular evolution technology and BAMF for pattern-recognition. 

Plot the same module in which gene IDs are shuffled by its p value, as shown in Fig. 2b. Compare the two plots. Set the p value threshold at the critical point where raw modules are still observed but gene-shuffled modules disappear. Here, we arbitrarily choose le - 5.5 and le - 4 as the thresholds for GO and KEGG, respectively, for the modules extracted by the parameters of 5% discretization and 0.4 of noise ratio. 

Directed evolution involves multiple rounds of random mutation and selection combined with gene shuffling to evolve enzymes towards desired properties (reviewed in Arnold and Moore, 1997 Kuchner and Arnold, 1997). The group of Arnold has succeeded in evolving a dimethylformamide (DMF)-sensitive esterase for the cleavage of the loracarbef-/>-nitrobenzyl ester into an esterase that remains active in 15% DW (Moore et al, 1997). Most of the mutations that had been found in the solvent-resistant mutants could not have been predicted using current computational methods. 

Degenerate Oligonucleotide gene-shuffling (DOGS) easy to implement via PGR tunable levels of recombination reduced unshuffled background Gibbs, 2001... 

This work demonstrates the power of multiple gene-shuffling over single geneshuffling, especially if maximum possible sequence space has to be covered. 

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