Generalized reality orientation

The trance dimension refers to a fading of the intellectual framework by which we automatically evaluate our experiences. Shor called this framework generalized reality orientation. I have renamed it the consen-... 

R. Shor, Hypnosis and the Concept of the Generalized Reality Orientation, /4/ m-can Journal of Psychotherapy 13 582-602 R. Shor, Three Dimensions ofHypnotic Depth, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 10 23-38 also in C. Tart, ed.. Altered States of Consciousness . A Book of Readings (New York Doubleday, 1971). 

Shor, R. I lypnosis and the Concept of the Generalized Reality Orientation. American Journal of Psychotherapy 13 (1959) 582-602. 

Social detoxification, which involves the nonpharmacological treatment of alcohol withdrawal, has been shown to be effective (see Naranjo et al. 1983). It consists of frequent reassurance, reality orientation, monitoring of vital signs, personal attention, and general nursing care (Naranjo and Sellers 1986). Social detoxification is most appropriate for patients in mild-to-mod-erate withdrawal. The medical problems commonly associated with alcoholism (Sullivan and O Connor 2004) may substantially complicate therapy, so that care must be taken to refer patients whose condition requires medical management. 

The treatment of alcohol withdrawal incorporates general supportive measures, as well as management of specific symptoms. Supportive measures include abstinence from alcohol, ample rest, adequate general nutrition, and reality orientation. It is important to treat the syndrome vigorously and, when appropriate, to prevent it by using sufficient doses of medication. 

In reality, as the barrier becomes narrower, it deviates from the square shape. One often used model is the parabolic barrier (dashed line in Fig. 1). When the barrier is composed of molecules, not only is the barrier shape difficult to predict, but the effective mass of the electron can deviate significantly from the free-electron mass. In order to take these differences into account, a more sophisticated treatment of the tunneling problem, based on the WKB method, can be used [21, 29-31]. Even if the metals are the same, differences in deposition methods, surface crystallographic orientation, and interaction with the active layer generally result in slightly different work functions on either side of the barrier. 

Let us now generalize the above to reality where we would have a distribution of chains in three dimensions with different orientation angles 8. Eq. (33) would then be... 

Once least-squares methods came into general use it became standard practice to refine not only atomic positional parameters but also the anisotropic thermal parameters or displacement parameters (ADPs), as they are now called [22]. These quantities are calculated routinely for thousands of crystal structures each year, but they do not always get the attention they merit. It is true that much of the ADP information is of poor quality, but it is also true that ADPs from reasonably careful routine analyses based on modem point-by-point or area diffractometer measurements can yield physically significant information about atomic motions in solids. We may tend to think of crystal structures as static, but in reality the molecules undergo translational and rotational vibrations about their equilibrium positions and orientations, as well as internal motions. Cruickshank taught us in 1956 how analysis of ADPs can yield information about the molecular rigid-body motion [23], and many improvements and modifications have been introduced since then. In particular, various computer programs are available to estimate the amplitudes of simple postulated types of internal molecular motion e.g., torsion-... 

Eastern science is fact oriented. It tries to communicate with the truth not through generality and abstraction as Western science does, but through specificity and objectivity. A specific fact represents the absolute truth. Interpretations and hypotheses should be avoided because human discursive intellects conceal the reality. 

There is a third aspect of spatial effects in catalytic processes which researchers with a bent toward surface science will claim is the most important. This is the fact that spatial uniformity of a catalyst surface is an idealization. In reality, no surface is truly uniform, and there is reason to believe that the natural spatial variations present in all catalytic systems are important in the understanding of behavioral features. Figure 11 is a view taken from a scanning electron microscope of a polycrystalline foil of the type used in the experiments described previously. Various crystal orientations are evident and the scale of these variations is probably too large to justify a general assumption of spatial uniformity in mathematical models, particularly in the unsteady state. Studies with single crystal surfaces have pointed to the possibility that... 

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