Gel Electrophoresis Techniques

Electrophoresis is normally run in aqueous media, hence the analytes must be soluble in water. Presently only three types of water-soluble dendrimers have been successfully analyzed using gel electrophoresis techniques. The list includes Starburst PAMAM dendrimers [21], nucleic acid dendrimers [21] and poly(lysine) dendrimers [23, 24] (see Figures 10.2, 10.4 and 10.6). However, in each case appropriate water solubilizing terminal groups are required (i.e. -NH2, -OH or C02H groups) for suitable electrophoretic analysis. 

Sardas S, Aygun N, Gamli M, et al Use of alkaline comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis technique) to detect DNA damage in lymphocytes of operating room personnel occupationally exposed to anaesthetic gases. Mutat Res 418(2-3) 93-100, 1998... 

To test this idea, a Bio-Rad Protean II electrophoresis cell and Bio-Rad Model 3000xi computer-controlled power supply were used to carry out the electrophoretic separation and recovery of pre-stained and unstained protein calibration standards (lysozyme, soybean trypsin inhibitor, carbonic anhydrase, ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin and phosphorylase B) obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Standard SDS-gel electrophoresis techniques were used [167]. 

H. Chassaigne, C. C. Chery, G. Bordin, F. Vanhaecke, A. R. Rodriguez, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique for yeast selenium-containing proteins. 

H. Chassaigne, C. C. Chery, G. Bordin, F. Vanhaecke, A. R. Rodriguez, 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis technique for yeast selenium-containing proteins - sample preparation and MS approaches for processing 2-D gel protein spots, J. Anal. Atom. Spec-trom., 19 (2004), 85-95. 

Despite its lower resolution compared to 2-DE, 2-DB can also be applied in combination with the difference gel electrophoresis technique (DIGE) (Urdu et al. 1997 Reinders et al. 2006b), enabling the highly reproducible differential analysis of biological membrane samples. 

In summary, the data presented here for peptides binding to different sequences and lengths of DNA demonstrate that afiSnity coelectrophoresis (ACE) (2) can be utilized to study non-spedfic, peptide-DNA binding. It is a simple, gel electrophoresis technique vtdiich measures equilibrium binding of small ligands whose rapid dissodation kinetics may preclude the use of other DNA binding assays. Thus, it is a valuable supplement to other techniques used to measure DNA binding. 

Nestler, H.P. and Doseff, A. (1997) A two-dimensional, diagonal sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique to screen for protease substrates in protein mixtures. Anal. Biochem. 251, 122-125. 

Cereal proteins play an important role in food functional properties and have been traditionally separated and characterized using slab-gel electrophoresis techniques. CE is emerging as a valuable new technique for the analysis of cereal proteins, particularly to bring improvements in resolution and speed of analysis. Methods based on CZE and SDS-CGE can be used for a variety of applications, including culti-var differentiation and purity screening. 

Under properly defined conditions picomaviruses interrupt host RNA and protein synthesis (1 ) and subvert the cellular machinery to production of viral protein and ENA. By feeding radiolabeled amino acids to virus-infected cells after cessation of host-protein synthesis, viral protein can be selectively labeled. In a pioneering study, which introduced the now widely used SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. Summers et al. (2) identified some 14 different virus-specified polypeptides in extracts of poliovirus infected HeLa cells. The net mass of these polypeptides exceeded two-fold or more the known coding capacity of the viral genome. 

Analysis of Modified Ribosomal Components. All reagents, except for reagent f, modified ribosomal proteins. While some derivatives reacted at a limited number of sites (48-50), the others reacted with a large number of components. Modified proteins were identified by gel electrophoresis techniques. 

The biased reptation model provides a good framework to discuss the experimental results of the various gel electrophoresis techniques used to separate nucleic acids. Although more experiments are needed to fully characterize these techniques, available results indicate that the simplified version of the model discussed in this paper is satisfactory when low-frequency pulsed fields are used, or when transient intra-tube effects are not dominant. This is the case in continuous fields, for small molecules in intermittent fields, and possibly also for crossed fields. However, intra-tube effects are observed to play a role in field-inversion electrophoresis, for long molecules in intermittent fields, and during the first stages of an experiment (where an orientation overshoot is observed). 

One can follow the formation of the IPEC by gel electrophoresis technique. The DNA and its IPEC were analyzed using gel electrophoresis measurement in 0.8% agarose gel in standard TRIS-borate buffer, pH 8.6 [61]. The densito-grams were obtained using the laser densitometer Ultrascan (LKB). As determined from the densitograms represented in Fig. 10.12, incorporation of the plasmid DNA in the soluble complexes with poly cations causes a noticeable shift of the bands, corresponding to the linear forms but not to the cyclic form of... 

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