Gavage

In 1983 the National Toxicology Program (NTP) reported that ethyl acrylate produced tumors in the rodent forestomach after gavage (forced... 

ORTEPA (1994) DIbutyltIn dichlorlde oral (gavage) teratogenicity study In the rat. Hazelton-Deutschland GmbH, November, for the Organotin Environmental Programme Association (HD Project No. 380-211). 

An intermediate-duration oral MRL of 0.0007 mg/kg/day was derived for methyl parathion based on the observation of electrophysiological effects in the central and peripheral nervous systems of male rats exposed to methyl parathion through gavage administration of 0.22 mg/kg/day to the dams on days 5-15 of gestation and days 2-28 of lactation, followed by direct administration of the same dose to the male pups for 8 weeks. More marked effects occurred at the two higher doses, 0.44 and 0.88 mg/kg/day. The effects were dose-related, and were statistically significant at all three dose levels. The MRL was derived by dividing the LOAEL from this study (0.22 mg/kg/day) by an uncertainty factor of 300 (3 for a minimal LOAEL, 10 for extrapolation from animals to humans, and 10 for human variability). 

Gavage administration of 1.5 mg/kg/day of methyl parathion to rats on days 6-15 of gestation resulted in increased resorptions, decreased fetal body weight, and hemorrhagic spots in the brain ventricles and skin... 

Mouse/oral exposure gavage Sperm shape abnormalities + Mathew et al. 1992... 

Other additional studies or pertinent information that lend support to this MRL An intermediate-duration gavage study in rats found decreased hematocrit and erythrocyte counts relative to before-treatment values (Galal et al. 1977), but this study had some limitations, including lack of a control group and disparities between text and tables. Another intermediate duration gavage study in male rats demonstrated dose-related significant decreases in mean corpuscular volume (Undeger et al. 2000). An effect on the erythrocyte is plausible because erythrocyte cholinesterase has a function in the control of erythrocyte permeability (Wills 1972). 

In rats, daily administration of 5 or 10 mg/kg doses of endosulfan by gavage in corn oil during gestational days (Gd) 6-14 or 6-19 produced a dose-related increase in maternal deaths in these test groups (FMC 1980a Gupta et al. 1978). 

GO) = gavage in oil (GW) = gavage in water Gd = gestation day Hemato = hematological LD50 = lethal dose, 50% kill LOAEL = lowest-observable-adverse-effect level M = male Metab = metabolic Musc/skel = musculoskeletal NOAEL = no-observable- adverse-effect level ... 

Local inflammation of the lungs and dilated alveoli were observed in rats administered 10 mg/kg/day of endosulfan in peanut oil by gavage for 15 days (Gupta and Chandra 1977). However, there was high mortality in this dose group (3 of 8 animals died prior to study termination), and it is not clear if these effects were observed primarily in the intercurrent deaths or in animals surviving for the full 15 days of exposure. 

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