Gastrin, human

E Wiinsch, K-H Deimer. On the synthesis of [15-leucine]human gastrin I. Hoppe-Seyler s Z Physiol Chem 353, 1255, 1972. 

Schmitz, F., Schrader, H., Otte, J. M., et al. (2001) Identification of CCK-B/gastrin receptor splice variants in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Regul. Pept. 101, 25-33. 

Lee YM, Beinbom M, McBride EW, et al The human brain cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor cloning and characterization. J Biol Chem 268 8164-8169, 1993 Legris P, George Y, Boval P, et al A comparative study of alpidem versus Buspirone, in Imidazopyridines in Anxiety Disorders A Novel Experimental and Therapeutic Approach. Edited by Barthohni G, Garreau M, MorseUi PL. New York, Raven, 1993, pp 183-192... 

In close proximity to the parietal cells are gut endocrine cells called enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. ECL cells have receptors for gastrin and acetylcholine and are the major source for histamine release. Histamine binds to the H2 receptor on the parietal cell, resulting in activation of adenylyl cyclase, which increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP activates protein kinases that stimulate acid secretion by the H+/K+ ATPase. In humans, it is believed that the major effect of gastrin upon acid secretion is mediated indirectly through the release of histamine from ECL cells rather than through direct parietal cell stimulation. 

Mil. Markwalder, R., and Reubi, I. C., Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in the human prostate Relation to neoplastic transformation. Cancer Res. 59, 1152—1159 (1999). 

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