Gassing separators

Alternative layers of metal and coke are fed into the top of the furnace. The metal is melted by hot gasses from the coke combustion. Impurities react with the lime and are separated. 

Whereas in Gas Recycle the product must be removed at the same temperature and pressure at which it is formed, in Liquid Recycle the separation of product (and byproducts) from catalyst is independent of the conditions under which the products were formed. This added degree of control brings a variety of benefits. Since large gas flows are no longer required in the reactor, the liquid expansion due to gassing is reduced and more catalyst can be contained in a specific reaction vessel. Reactor temperature and reactant concentrations can be tuned for optimum catalyst performance. The conditions in the separation system can likewise be tuned for optimum performance. In particular, more severe conditions will permit better control over the concentration of heavies in the catalyst solution. 

After a number of weeks of painful work at the Buna plant, a terrible typhus epidemic broke out. The weaker prisoners died in hundreds. An immediate quarantine was ordered and work at the Buna stopped. Those still alive were sent, at the end of July 1942, to the gravel pit but there work was even still more strenuous. We were in such a state of weakness that, even in trying to do our best, we could not satisfy the overseers. Most of us got swollen feet. Due to our inability to perform the heavy work demanded of us our squad was accused of being lazy and disorderly. Soon after, a medical commission inspected all of us they carried out their job very thoroughly. Anyone with swollen feet or particularly weak was separated from the rest. Although I was in great pain, I controlled myself and stood erect in front of the commission, who passed me as physically fit. Out of 300 persons examined, 200 were found to be unfit and immediately sent to Birkenau and gassed. 

A variable quantity of ZnO is added to the concentrated KOH solution, depending on the system characteristics required. ZnO can also act as a gassing suppressor. The electrolyte is immobilized generally using carboxy-methylcellulose, and a non-woven fabric separator made of natural or synthetic fibres resistant to the high pH is placed between the electrodes. 

A. Ogawa, Separation of particles from air and gasses, vols. 1 and 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1984. 

Transverse IEF was also conducted in a pressure-driven flow for BSA and soybean lectin separation on-chip [1040], Here, Pd electrodes were used (in preference to Au) because of the non-gassing character of Pd. In addition, the protein sample was sandwiched between two buffer streams and was prevented from direct contact with the channel wall (and hence the electrode), a process akin to hydrodynamic focusing [1040],... 

Many criteria must be considered when choosing or developing absorbents for C02 removal, including selectivity, cost, and stability. There are mainly two C02 separation issues (1) For post combustion capture from flue gas (e.g., coal-fired power station), a major obstacle is the low pressure of the flue gas (1 atm), with just 15 % C02 concentration together with other component gasses, predominantly N2. 

A common difficulty in these partition experiments, with the use of either natural or synthesized samples, is in achieving perfect separation of the melt from the crystal phase for determining the noble gas content. Even a very small amount of glass (melt) contamination in crystal would increase the partition coefficient considerably, since noble gasses are much more enriched in glass. To circumvent this difficulty, Broad-hurst et al. (1990, 1992) prepared natural minerals and synthetic silicate melts that... 

Once suitable ionization conditions have been established, LC separation can be optimized. As with any LC system, attention needs to be paid to column choice, correct tubing diameters, zero dead volume connections, use of guard columns, and mobile phase filtration and de-gassing. Modem LC pumps can deliver reliable gradients at low flow rates but for capillary LC, precolumn flow splitting or specialized pumps may be necessary. Mobile phase composition and pH should be chosen to... 

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