Gasification diagrams

Figure 7.4 Interplay of gasifier models and ternary gasification diagram (HTW - high-temperature Winkler, INCI - internal circulation gasifier) (with permission from Ref. [17]. Copyright 2013, Elsevier).

Introduction of a Ternary Gasification Diagram 297 -1 bar------10 bar-------100 bar------Maximum cold gas efficiency path... 

Figure 7.6 Gasification diagrams (Pittsburgh No. 8 coal [Pitt 8], 30 bar) for (a) temperature and carbon conversion, (b) cold gas efficiency and methane yield (with permission from Ref. [18]. Copyright 2014, Elsevier), (c) syngas yield and H2/CO ratio (with permission from...

The Eastman Chemicals from Coal faciUty is a series of nine complex interrelated plants. These plants include air separation, slurry preparation, gasification, acid gas removal, sulfur recovery, CO /H2 separation, methanol, methyl acetate, and acetic anhydride. A block flow diagram of the process is shown in Eigure 3. The faciUty covers an area of 2.2 x 10 (55 acres) at Eastman s main plant site in Kingsport, Teimessee. The air separation plant is... 

Fig. 3. Overall block flow diagram for Eastman s coal gasification—acetic anhydride complex (35).

FIG. 27-7 Integrated gasification combined-cycle block diagram. 

Fig. 7.68 Thermochemical stability diagram for the system Fe-S-O at I 000 K showing the relative corrosion potentials of the atmospheres in conventional coal combustion (A), fluidised bed combustion (B), conventional coal gasification (C) and coal gasificiation using nuclear heat (D) (after Gray and Starr )...

Fig. 7.76 Superimposed simplified thermodynamic stability diagrams for three elements with oxygen and sulphur at 871°C. The shaded rectangle indicates possible activity ranges in coal gasification atmospheres (after Stringer )...

Cu will be unaffected by the atmosphere, whilst at other atmospheric compositions the pure oxides will be stable. Figure 7.76 illustrates a simplified diagram at 871°C for three metallic elements Cr/Mn/Ni-S-O in a heat-resisting alloy the range for coal gasification is also included. It is clear that CrjOj is stable in all these atmospheres, but NiS will be stable under these atmospheric conditions above 620°C in the form of a eutectic liquid with Ni. Thus, an alloy of Cr and Ni may produce either of these phases or their mixtures leading to corrosion problems. 

Figure 12. COz-EOR operation diagram. COz injection into reservoir to flood. Diagram courtesy of Dakota Gasification Company.

Schematic diagram of fuel-flexible gasification-combustion process.

Figure 6.3 provides a simplified block diagram of a fuel cell power plant system. Gasification is used to convert the solid fuel to gas, which is processed to remove sulfur compounds, tars, particulates, and trace contaminants. The clean gas is then converted to electricity in the FC. Waste heat from the FC is used to generate steam, which can be used to run the gasification process and to generate additional power in the bottoming cycle. 

Fig. 6.17 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus of supercritical water gasification...

Figure 5.3 is a simplified diagram that shows the basic steps in the different processes that are used to produce synthesis gas. Note that the Sulfur Removal step is just before Purification when Partial Oxidation and Gasification are used. Sulfur Removal is the first step when Steam Reforming is the chosen process. The reasons that the process order is as shown will be explained in the following sections of this chapter174. 

A simplified diagram of the Texaco Gasification Technology is shown in Figure 5.19. This particular process was installed at Eastman Chemical Company s Texas Operations near Longview, TX. Start-up was scheduled to occur in 2002177. 

In order to compare the economics as well as the overall C02 emissions from each schematic studied in this joint venture, a reference case was analyzed. The reference case included only the process steps associated with coal gasification, shift, and hydrogen purification, but none of the steps associated with C02 sequestration or coalbed methane recovery. Three other process schemes were examined in this study and compared to the reference case. Figure 1 depicts simplified process flow diagrams for the reference case and the other three schemes (note the overall heat integration for each scheme is not shown). The top portion of the figure shows the process steps that are the same for each scheme up to hydrogen purification, while the operations inside the dashed boxes represent the steps that differ between the four cases. 

The wood for the above mentioned Brazilian plant can be grown on a regenerable basis from about 90 square miles of forest (57,600 acres). Figure 7 is a block flow diagram showing the many process steps involved in Davy s wood gasification process. 

Figure 2. Schematic flow diagram of Texaco coal gasification process for hydrogen manufacture...

Figure 10. Process flow diagram of the Oberhausen-Holten coal gasification...

Fig. 19.12. Block flow diagram of a typical integrated gasification combined cycle power plant.

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