Gaseous effluents composition

HCl and HBr removal from gaseous effluents. Bhaskar et al. examined Ca-, Fe-, Zn-and Mg-based sorbents for this purpose, obtaining good results with Ca-Z. Hakata et al. tested an iron oxide-carbon composite catalyst for the selective vapour phase dechlorination of chloroalkanes. 

A test procedure is to be developed for measuring the activity of various catalysts. A small, fixed-bed reactor is available in the laboratory. The same gaseous reaction will be used to evaluate each catalyst. The method of analysis of the product stream is fairly accurate but not good enough to justify differential reactor operation. Hence the sample of any catalyst tested will be sufficient in amount to obtain conversions above 30%. The feed rate, temperature, pressure, feed and effluent composition (or conversion), and mass of catalyst in the reactor will be routinely measured. The activity will be defined as the ratio of a measurable variable for any catalyst to the value of that variable for a standard catalyst. The variable chosen should be a true measure of the intrinsic rate of the reaction at a catalyst site. ... 

In most processes involving the absorption of a gaseous pollutant from an effluent gas stream, the gas stream is the processed fluid hence, its inlet condition (flow rate, composition, and temperature) are usually known. The temperature and composition of the inlet liq-... 

The compositions of CE in the gaseous and liquid effluents of the ethyl chloride reactor are related through an equilibrium distribution coefficient as follows ... 

Federal, state, or local laws and regulations require that the effluents of a plant (liquid, solid, or gaseous) satisfy certain specifications. Thus their temperatures, compositions, and flow rates must be within prespecified limits. Failure to abide by these regulations subjects the plant to additional economic burdens (fines) and makes it a threat to the well-being of its personnel and the surrounding communities. Therefore, additional controllers must be added to ensure that environmental regulations are satisfied. 

The actual rate of gas entering the next bed is then obtained by adding the quench rate to the gas effluent of the preceding bed. Gas composition at the entrance of the next bed is adjusted with the individual mass balances of the gaseous species. 

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