Gallic acid glycosides

Certain gallic acid glycosides such as K-PLMF 1 (67) (turgorins) are involved in turgor movement in plants and... 

Glycosides, particularly of phenolic compounds, are widely distributed in plant tissues (2,10). Glycosides of anthocyanidins, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, flavanonols, stilbenes and saponins, gallic acid derivatives, and condensed tannins are all common. 

P-D- Glucopyranoside)-gallic acid (phenolic glycoside) Rhodiola sacra (Crassulaceae) PEP (215 pM) [115]... 

Oxidation product of widespread phenolic Gallic acid Azadirarhla indica, Soymidafebrifuga (Meliaceae) [wood], Haplopappus canescens (Asteraceae) [aerial] glycosides in Vaccinium macrocarpon (Ericaceae), Myrica rubra (Myricaceae) [bark], Primula sinensis (Primulaceae) [petal], Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) [leaf]... 

Desmanthin-1 (= 2 "-0-Galloylmyricitrin 2"-0-Galloylmyricetin-3-0-Rha) (flavonol glycoside gallic acid ester) Myrcia multiflora (Myrtaceae) [leaf] AR (rat lens) (0.08)... 

Monomeric units may be linked, to form oligomers and polymers, by C4-C6 and/or C4-C8 bonds (B-type) or doubly linked, with an addition C7-0-C2 ether linkage (A-type). Besides, flavan-3-ol units may be encountered as 3-0-esters, in particular with gallic acid, or as glycosides (25). Finally, the degree of polymerization (DP) may vary greatly as proanthocyanidins have been described up to 20,000 in molecular weight (26). 

All HPLC injections were performed in duplicate. (+)- Catechin and (-)-epicatechin, 280 nm, and quercetin, 365 nm (Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI), caffeic acid, 316 nm(Sigma, St. Louis, MO), gallic acid (MCB Manufacturing Chemists, Cincinnati, OH) and malvidin-3-glucoside, 520 nm (Pfaltz Bauer, Waterbury,CT) were used as external standards at the indicated wavelengths. Caftaric acid was purified in our laboratory by a previously described method (31). The quercetin glycoside is expressed in quercetin equivalents, and all anthocyanins in malvidin-3-glucoside equivalents. 

A series of flavonol glycosides esterified on the glucose residue linked at C-3 of the aglycone have been isolated from Quercus cerris L. (87-89) and Quercus saber L. (90-94) (49) (Fig. 10) Compounds 87 and 89 have isorhamnetin as the aglycone, while compounds 88 and 90-94 have kaempferol as the aglycone. Position 6" of the glucose residue is esterified by gallic acid unit in 87, and trans-p-coumaroyl acid in 88, 89 and 91-94. 

Nutrient Content high in protein, prebiotic fiber, antioxidant vitamins A and C, B vitamins, dietary minerals Phytochemical Content high in carotenoids (alpha- and beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, violaxanthin), polyphenols (quercetin, gallic acid, gallotannins, rhamnetin, cyanidin and xanthone glycosides, including mangiferin, mainly in skin)... 

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