Gall induction

Hutangura, P. et al.. Auxin induction is a trigger for root gall formation caused by root-knot nematodes in white clover and is associated with the activation of the flavonoid pathway, Aust. J. Plant Physiol, 26, 221, 1999. 

Bahr BA, Abai B, Gall CM et al (1994) Induction of beta-amyloid-containing polypeptides in hippocampus evidence for a concomitant loss of synaptic proteins and interactions with an excitotoxin. Exp Neurol 129 81-94... 

Within 4 h of the onset of the seizures, mRNA was increased 10-fold. Induction of mRNA jp in the hippocampus also follows seizures induced by kainic acid, with the increased mRNA f restricted to the granule cells (Gall et al., 1991 Zafra et al., 1991). Induction of mRNA following limbic seizures is not restricted to the hippocampus, but is widespread across the neocortex, lateral and cortical amygdaloid nuclei and olfactory telencephalon (Gall and Isackson, 1989). 

However, the difference in the time course of the induction suggests a non-uniform mechanism in the various neuronal populations. For example, seizure activity triggered by hilus lesions radiates to the neocortex. In contrast to the hippocampal induction that is seen 4.5 h after the first seizure, neocortical mRNA Jp remains normal during the most intense seizure activity, rising only hours after the seizures have terminated (Gall et al.,... 

Isackson, P.J., Huntsman, M.M., Murray, K.D. and Gall, C.M. (1991a) BDNF mRNA expression is increased in adult rat forebrain after limbic seizures temporal patterns of induction distinct from NGF. Neuron 6 937-948. 

Fig. 8.5 Yeast-based screen for 32-agonists. The Pa-adrenergic receptor (B Ar) expressed from a GALl promoter links to the mating type response via the human Gsa-subunit expressed off the CUP1 promoter, by complementation of GPA-1. The detection of signaling is by induction of the FUS promoter linked to a p-galactosidase reporter gene.

Owing to the ready availability of narcotine its effects on the animal organism have been studied extensively, but the observations have not indicated any extensive use in medicine. It is effective neither as a prophylactic nor as a curative in malaria (240). It has only a mild narcotic action (241, 242, 243), and as an analgesic it is much weaker than morphine (244, 245), although it has been recorded that it potentiates the activity of morphine four- to sevenfold (246). The cramps due to the action of cocaine are also augmented by the simultaneous use of narcotine. It does not lower the basal metabolic rate appreciably (247), nor does it shorten the induction period in nitrous oxide narcosis (248). Its effect on respiration is one of acceleration (249, 250), and its effect on smooth muscle of the intestine (251-254), of the bladder (255), of the gall bladder (251, 252, 256, 257), and of the uterus (251, 252, 258-261) is depressive, while the amplitude of the peristaltic pulses is increased (262-265). 

Hussain, M.S. and Chandrasekhara, N., Effect of curcumin on cholesterol gall-stone induction in mice, Indian J. Med. Res., 96 288-291, 1992. 

Morawietz H, Duerrschmidt N, Niemann B, Galle J, Sawamura T, Holtz J. Induction of the oxLDL receptor LOX-1 by endothelin-1 in human endothelial cells. and Biophysical Research Communications 2001 284 961-965. 

Rueckschloss U, Galle I, Holtz J, Zerkowski HR, Morawietz H. Induction of NAD(P)H oxidase hy oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human endothelial cells antioxidative potential of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy. Circulation 2001 104 1767-1772. 

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