Gadolinium metal

It is known that below the ordering temperature, the — ASM of a paramagnet will quickly reduce to zero, thus defining the temperature range in which the material can be usefully employed. Note that gadolinium metal works best at room temperature, which constitutes a separate and productive area of research with... 

Th serve for storage of information because of their large storage density. The use of gadolinium metal as a heat puitp is a further magnetic application in v ch the Curie Point, v ch lies at room tenperature for this material, can be very well utilized. 

Gadolinium metal is not especially reactive. It dissolves in acids and reacts slowly with cold water. It also reacts with oxygen at high temperamres. 

Fig. 12. Top High-pressure cell (CuBe) used in the studies of rare-earth metals and intennetallic compounds up to 0.9 GPa (9 kbar). Bottom ZF-(xSR spectrum of FM gadolinium metal inside the CuBe high-fvessure cell. The oscillating signal (see also inset) is the spontaneous spin precession pattern of Gd. The Gaussian relaxation spectrum comes from muons stopped in the cell walls. After Schreier et al. (1997) and Kalvius et al. (20001).

Beaudry, B.J., P.E. Palmer and K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., 1976, The Preparation of gadolinium metal for thermoelectric devices, in Eleventh Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Proceedings, Sept. 12-17, 1976, State Line, Nevada (Amer. Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York) p. 1556. 

Fig. 9. The calculated radial charge densities of the 4f, 5d and 6s electrons in the Wigner-Seilz heie of gadolinium metal, taken from Harmon and Freeman (I974a,b).

ESR in single crystals of undoped gadolinium metal has been investigated near ( 293 K) by Burgardt and Seehra (1977). On cooling the ESR linewidth passes through a broad minimum at about 325 K which corresponds (7 -7 c)/7 c = 0.11. On further decreasing temperatures AH increases and reaches a maximum at Tm > Tc (Ho -L c) or... 

Phase relationships as a function of pressure Jayaraman et al. (1966) investigated pressure-induced transformations in several intra rare earth alloy systems and included the Sm-type Nd-50at% Gd alloy. Equal molar amounts of neodymium and gadolinium metals were arc-melted in an argon atmosphere, then heat treated at 500° C for several days in sealed evacuated quartz tubes. X-ray patterns established that this alloy had the Sm-type structure under equilibrium conditions. After this alloy had been subjected to 4.0 GPa pressure at 450°C for 5 hr, the pressure was related and the temperature was reduced to ambient. X-ray patterns revealed that the alloy had transformed to dhep structure that was retained metastably after the release of pressure. 

The samarium and gadolinium metals were reported to include no more than 0.1 wt% total impurities in either metal, but a detailed chemical analysis was not reported. Alloys were prepared by standard arc-melting techniques, and since samarium has a high vapor pressure, the alloys were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence to assess loss of samarium. Loss of gadolinium was not a problem in the alloy preparation since the vapor pressure of gadoUnium is at least four orders of magnitude less than that of samarium. The phase relations in this system were established by metallography. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, density and microhardness measurements and effusion experiments. 

Taylor KML, Jin A, Lin W (2008) Surfactant-assisted synthesis of nanoscale gadolinium metal-organic frameworks for potential multimodal imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed 47 7722-7725... 

Rowe, M.D., Tham, D.H., Kraft, S.L., Boyes, S.G. Polymer-modified gadolinium metal-organic framework nanoparticles used as multifunctional nanomedicines for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancer. Biomacromolecules 10,983-993 (2009)... 

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