Gadolinite gadolinium

From gadolinite, a mineral named for Gadolin, a Finnish chemist. The rare earth metal is obtained from the mineral gadolinite. Gadolinia, the oxide of gadolinium, was separated by Marignac in 1880 and Lecoq de Boisbaudran independently isolated it from Mosander s yttria in 1886. 

Gadolinium - the atomic number is 64 and the chemical symbol is Gd. The name derives from the mineral gadolinite, in which it was found, and which had been named for the Finnish rare earth chemist Johan Gadolin . It was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1886, who produced a white oxide he called Y in a samarskite mineral. In 1886, the French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran gave the name gadolinium to Y . 

Gadolinite, extraction of, 2 44 Gadolinium, separation of europium from samarium and, as magnesium nitrate double salt, 2 57 separation of samarium from, in acetate solution with sodium amalgam, 5 36... 

In 1880 the French chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac (1817— 1894) studied samples of erbium metal that had been extracted from gadolinite. He discovered that the erbium metal contained minute amounts of a second metal. He named the metal (and the element) gadolinium, after the mineral. 

The abundance of gadolinium in Earth s surface is estimated at about 4.5 to 6.4 parts per million. That would make it one of the most abundant of the rare earth elements. It ranks above bromine and uranium, but just below lead and boron in order of abundance. Some minerals in which it occurs are monazite, bastnasite, samarskite, gadolinite, and xenotime. 

Most of the rare earth elements were discovered in the mineral gadolinite, (Ce,La, Nd,Y)2FeBe2Si20io (Mindat.Org) from Ytterby. The town has given name to yttrium, ytterbium, terbium, and erbium. Other elements discovered here are gadolinium, holmium, thulium, scandium, lutetium, and tantalum (Source Mindat.org). 

Gd Gadolinium After the mineral gadolinite, in turn named after Johan Gadolin... 

Gadolinium occurs as its oxide in gadolinite [1] and is found in several other minerals, including monazite and bastnasite, which are of commercial importance. Seventeen isotopes of the element are now recognized. Natural Gd, however, is a mixture of only seven isotopes [2]. The element constitutes 63 x 10" % (= 6.3 xg/g) of the earth s crust [1,3]. To the best of our knowledge no data are available in the literature that deal with its concentration in oceans, drinking water, or diet. 

Two elements among the 92 have names that are connected with personal names, even if indirectly. The rare earth metal gadolinium got its name from the mineral gadolinite, and thus indirectly from the Finnish chemist Johan GadoHn. The Russian colonel and engineer E. Samarskii-Bykhovets discovered a mineral that was given the name samarskite. A rare earth metal found in this mineral was named samarium after the mineral. 

Marignac in 1880 also examined the mineral samarskite. Fractional precipitation using potassium sulfate and oxalate gave two different elements. He thought that both were new. Soret analyzed both fractions spectroscopically. He observed that one element was samarium but the other was previously unknown. In 1886 Marignac named it gadolinium after the mineral gadolinite. 

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