Further Approaches to PPP Polyelectrolytes

In the field of anionic polyelectrolytes, Wallow and Novak reported in 1991 on carboxylated PPPs such as 31 which proved to be soluble in aqueous bases [31-34]. Three years later, Reynolds et al. first synthesized sulfonated 

PPPs such as 32 [35, 36]. Here, also, a direct in-aqua synthesis was applied. Simultaneously, Wegner et al. developed precursor syntheses of sulfonated PPPs such as 33 and 34 [37-42]. Due to their long aliphatic side chains, these latter polymers form well-defined cylindrical micelles in solution. They are of considerable current interest because they allow more to be learned about the association behavior of rodlike polyelectrolytes consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic sub-units. In this context, the studies represent an important supplement for the studies performed in our groups. 

Narrowly Distributed Model Homo and Block Copolymers 

The chemical structures of polycarbobetaines published up to now can be divided into three groups  

Furthermore, a polycarboxybetaine with a peptide main chain was synthesized from poly(methyl L-glutamate) [57]. Several zwitterionic monomers based on isobutylene with long alkyl spacers between the polymerizable group and the zwitterionic moiety exhibit surfactant properties. They do not undergo free radical homopolymerization, but are copolymerizable with other monomers [58]. 

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