Graphitized furnace black

Frictional brake system 145 Furnace black, graphitized 17... 

Fig. 9 FHH-plot of nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K on various graphitized furnace blacks, as indicated. The dashed line characterizes the transition between the FHH- and the CC-regime. The devalues, listed in the insert, refer to the FHH-regime at low pressures...

The results for the surface fractal dimension of a series of furnace blacks and graphitized blacks, obtained by nitrogen adsorption in the multilayer regime, are summarized in Fig. 11. The cut off lengths are quite similar... 

Fig. 11 Surface fractal dimensions ds on atomic length scales of furnace blacks and graphitized blacks in dependence of specific surface. The data are obtained from nitrogen adsorption isotherms in the multilayer regime...

Graphitized black 48, 50, 60 -, furnace black 17 Growth, disorderly 2, 8... 

Buchanan et at Johnson Matthey, see USP 5,068,161 Vulcan XC-72, acetylene black Graphitized furnace blacks. 60-225 m2g ... 

When using comparison methods, such as a-plots, it is important that the nonmicroporous reference compound and the sample of interest have a similar surface chemistry [49]. As outlined in the previous section, information on the surface chemistry can be obtained from the APD. A similar APD indicates a comparable graphitic character of the pore surfiice. For the samples discussed here, the APDs of the nonporous CB (Fig. 18.7) and of the OMCs (Fig. 18.8) were compared. For the OMC synthesized at 700°C, the thermal black was selected as reference compound, whereas for the other OMC samples the furnace black was chosen. The adsorption data of this furnace CB are available in the literature [50]. 

It was shown that the transformation efficiency of carbon to A14C3 by heat treatment of aluminum with the porous furnace black a) and electrographite b) is higher, than that of the hard cracked graphite c). 

Untreated furnace blacks contain small amounts of chemically bound surface oxygen complexes (17, 35). The abundance of these may be diminished by devolatilization at 900—1000° C, or increased by air oxidation between 250 and 400° C. These treatments do not materially affect the combined hydrogen content of carbon black (36,37). Virtually all non-carbon constituents are removed by graphitization above 2000° C. 

Cotten and Boonstra (150) also investigated stress relaxation in swollen vulcanizates. In these experiments, very near elastic equilibrium, n was found to be of the order of 0.01 or less for unfilled vulcanizates and vulcanizates filled with graphitized black. For rubbers reinforced with fully reinforcing furnace black n was two to three times the value for the unfilled rubber. The additional relaxation appears to be due to slow desorption of polymer segments held relatively tightly at the filler surface. 

Figure 10.6. After extensive heat treatment (2700°C) the now graphitized furnace black shows improved layer alignment and orientation, but reduced reinforcing ability. (Rivin, 1971.)...

So called FHH-plots of the nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K of two graphitized furnace blacks are shown in Fig. 31.6. The graphitized furnace blacks have three linear... 

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