2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid chemical production

Oxidation reactions play a crucial role in the chemical industry, where >90% of the feedstocks derive from hydrocarbons - the most reduced organic chemicals on the planet. Sustainability concerns are demanding a greater shift toward biomass-derived feedstocks however, oxidation methods will continue to play a major role. For example, even as this book goes to press (March 2016), BASF and Avantium have just announced plans to pursue a joint venture for the production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an important polymer-building block derived from biomass. The proposed 50000 metric tons per year plant will undoubtedly incorporate liquid phase aerobic oxidation chemistry similar to that described in Chapter 19 of this volume. 

The innermost zone covers chemicals for which no petrochemical route exists, and therein lies a great opportunity to produce them from carbohydrate feedstocks (in the case that a market for them is present or arises) gluconic [91,92] and glucaric acids [17], furyl glycolic acid [87], furandicarboxylic acid [85], and fermentation-derived malic, citric, succinic, and itaconic acids [17]. Besides these, the sugar alcohols xylitol [78] and sorbitol [81, 93-95], as well as isosorbide [82, 96, 97], HMF [80,98], and furfural [44,99] are also present, along with tetroses and their derivatives obtained by dehydration [100]. For these molecules, it is virtually certain that no petrochemical-based production will ever be developed. Note that levulinic acid [67, 101-103] is at the border of this zone. 

Chemical Production of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural and 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid... 

Furfural is one of the members of the Fiuanics class, which also covers a group of molecules, including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and 2,5-dimethylfuran. Furfural is syntiiesized by the chemical dehydration of five carbon carbohydrates such as xylose and arabinose. Furfural is a well-known chemical product with a static market. 

Chemical dehydration is employed to syntiiesize HMF using six member carbohydrates. HMF can be converted into a variety of furan derivatives through chemical manipulation (Tong et al., 2010). 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) can be derived from the oxidation of ITMF. In the production of polyester polymers, FDCA is recommended as an alternative to terephthalic... 

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