Funnel straight

Example 15. PA from m-phenylenediamine and adipoyl chloride by solution polymerization.2 32 To a well-dried 250-mL three-necked straight-wall flange flask with nitrogen inlet/outlet, dropping funnel, and magnetic stirrer (Fig. 3.18b),... 

Example 17. Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) in solution.14 To a well-dried 250-mL four-necked straight-wall flange flask with nitrogen inlet/outlet, dropping funnel, and magnetic stirrer (Fig. 3.18a). 2.163 g of 1,3-phenylenediamine, 5.62 g of triethylamine, 5.506 g of triethylamine hydrochloride, and 36 mL of dry chloroform are added. Isophthaloyl chloride (4.06 g) in 14 mL of chloroform is then added through the dropping funnel over a 15-min period at 30° C with slow... 

The importance of the linear arrangement of mixer/funnel/tubular reactor is shown when processing in a set-up with a curved flow element (0.3 m long bent Teflon tube of 0.3 mm inner diameter) in between the funnel and tubular reactor [78]. If a straight tube of equal dimensions as given above is used, plugging occius after 30 s. Hence even short curved flow passages are detrimental for micro-chan-nel-based amidation studies. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. Methods are available for analysis of the hydrocarbon components of mineral oil hydraulic fluids (predominantly straight and branched chain alkanes) in environmental samples. Some of these methods are summarized in Table 6-3. In general, water and sediment samples are extracted with a suitable solvent in a Soxhlet extractor (for solid samples) or in separatory funnel or shake flask (for liquid samples) (Bates et al. 1984 Peterman et al. 1980). The extract is cleaned up on silica gel or Florisil columns using a nonpolar solvent to elute the nonpolar alkanes. Analysis is usually performed by GC/MS (Bates et al. 1984 Kawamura and Kaplan 1983 Peterman et al. 1980). Method performance has not been reported, although 82% recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons was reported for rainwater (Kawamura and Kaplan 1983). 

The stem on a sep funnel can either be straight or have a ground glass joint on the end (Fig. 53). The ground glass joint fits the other jointware you may have and can be used that way as an addition funnel to add liquids or solutions... 

FIG. 8.8. A tliistle funnel, (a) Join tlie stem to a constriction on tlie larger tube. Tlie point on tlie larger tube must b0 straight and of reasonable length, (b) Tlie bulb is blown note tliat ample glass must be left to make the flared top.(c)Tlie completed funnel. Tlie flare should b0 reasonably proportioned and have an angle of about 90 °. 

Older generation machines typically employ large hoppers, but more recent designs offer options to install only a straight chute in place of a large overhead hopper. This design minimizes poor flow behavior and segregation due to funnel flow. 

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