Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Diseases

A wide range of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasms) mediate substantial losses to crop plants during both the production phase and postharvest period. While Jerusalem 

Coleosporium helianthi (Schwein) Arth. Yellow rust + 

Erwinia carotovora spp. carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al. Bacterial soft rot +  

Fusarium roseum var. arthrosporioid.es (Sherb.) Messiaen, Cassini Fusarium rot +  

Phoma exigua Desm. var. exigua Prill. Delacre +  

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Hot water treatments are effective in producing clean seed and planting materials. Seed and vegetative propagation materials (such as roots, bulbs, corms, and tubers) may be treated before planting to eliminate some fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. 

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