Fundamentals of NMR Spectroscopy

In the course of its development, NMR spectroscopy has grown into an indispensable analytic method comprising appHcations in physics, chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine, material science, and geology. One finds good general introductions to the NMR spectroscopy in Claridge [9], Abraham [10], and Becker [11]. 

A very helpful and often unaccounted method is 2D exchange spectroscopy (EXSY). Cross peaks indicate the chemical exchange between two states. Unequal intensities of cross peaks give a hint at the ligand exchange processes [14] (Section 13.4.1.3). 

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The degree of information that can be obtained from a biochemical system using NMR depends on the system under investigation. To fuUy understand this relationship, it is necessary to understand some of the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy. 

In this chapter NMR-SIM is used to illustrate the theoretical principles of NMR spectroscopy instead of the more usual pure mathematical description. There are many textbooks, reviews and original papers in the literature dealing with the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy and the reader is referred to them [2.1 - 2.7]. Alternatively the reader can use the list of references at the end of chapter 5 but these relate primarily to the pulse sequences discussed in that chapter. The design of any new experiment always starts with a formal analysis of the problem and an examination of the coherence transfer processes necessary to obtained the required information. The present chapter focuses on three items ... 

All pharmacopoeias describe the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy and its application in drug identification. One-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, as well as quantitative NMR (qNMR), are valuable tools in the evaluation of a drug s quality and quantity. Nevertheless, the number of applications in international pharmacopoeias, e.g., the European Pharmacopoeia (PhEur) and U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP), is limited. 

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