Fundamental Fragmentation Processes

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The one-dimensional geometry of a radially expanding ring is perhaps the simplest for considering fundamental aspects of the fracture and fragmentation process. In a ductile metal ring, fracture proceeds through the multiple... 

In this paper, we study the fundamental fragmentation problem of a specimen with an inherent granular microstructure that is subjected to a rapid expansion. Of special interest are the effects of the average grain size, initial strain rate and cohesive failure model parameters (strength and toughness) on the fragmentation process. 

For K90 by 4 wt% at shear rates up to 1000 s a mean shear viscosity of 0.025 Pa s is found. The rheological response in pure shear flows is similar than for K30 solutions with 20 % polymer mass fraction. However, the atomization experiments show that the fragmentation process for K90 solutions is fundamentally different from those of low concentrated K30 solutions. 

Electron impact ionisation (El) stands for extensive fragmentation, but also produces molecular ions. The other ionisation methods shown in Table 6.10 mainly generate quasi-molecular ions for various compound classes. Protonation of organic compounds is one of the most fundamental processes of Cl, FAB and ESI mass spectrometry. Apart from electrospray (ESI), which... 

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