Functional groups characteristics

Shukla AK, Ravikumar MK, Roy A, Barman SR, Sarma DD, Arico AS, Antonucci V, Pino L, Giordano N. 1994. Electrooxidation of methanol in sulfuric-acid electrolyte on platinized-carbon electrodes with several functional-group characteristics. J Electrochem Soc 141 1517-1522. 

Selection at inclusion formation (see relative guest excess) is derived from steric as well as from chemical points of view. Hence, high discrimination is found for a combination of potential solvents differing in the functional group characteristic, e.g. if belonging to different classes of substances (see Entries 8-10). But also within the same class of substance, so far as a series of homologues and different substituted or branched compounds are concerned, discrimination is effected in up to a 90% ratio 33). 

In this model we can pick out the chain of six carbon atoms, numbered 1-6, of which five carry OH groups. So each of these carbon atoms carries the functional group characteristic of alcohols. Note that five of the carbon atoms are chiral. Specifically, carbons 1-5 all possess four distinct substituents and are, therefore, chiral. Finally, note that carbon-1 is linked to two oxygen atoms, one in the hydroxyl group and the one in the ring. 

The most common types of compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups are epoxides, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. The functional groups characteristic of these compounds are illustrated by the examples of oxygen-containing compounds shown in Figure 1.15. 

Of which class of compounds is the N-N=0 functional group characteristic What is their most important toxicological characteristic ... 

The structural formula of this substance indicates the presence of a functional group characteristic of an explosive substance. This structure cannot be the decisive factor because other substances having the same functional group are not necessarily as dangerous as 5-CT. It is now clear that correct evaluation of the dangerous properties of a substance such as 5-CT cannot be achieved unless several evaluation methods are applied in parallel. At present, there are no judicial regulations for 5-CT in Japan, because it is not very common and hence is not considered dangerous. 

The GC-EOS requires the calculation of the molecular segment number rt and the interaction energy parameter et from functional group characteristics, r° and e° [7]. They are written by the sum of temperature-dependent group... 

Functional group characteristics (especially oxygen- and sulfur-containing)... 

Ethers have two alkyl or aryl groups attacheri to the oxygen atom anri may be thought of as substituted alcohols. The functional group characteristic of an ether is R—O—R. Thiols are a family of compounds that contain the sulfhydryl group (—SH). They, too, have a structure similar to that of alcohols. 

Many aldehydes and ketones may exist in an equilibrium mixture of two constitutional or structural isomers called tautomers. Tautomers differ from one another in the placement of a hydrogen atom and a double bond. One tautomer is the keto form (on the left in the equation below). The keto form has the structure t)q)ical of an aldehyde or ketone. The other form is called the enol form (on the right in the equation below). The enol form has a structure containing a carbon-carbon double bond (en) and a hydroxyl group, the functional group characteristic of alcohols (ol). 

Carbonyl group C=0, the functional group characteristic of aldehydes, ketones, atid. together with an OH group, carboxylic acids. 

Redrawing the compounds in a generalized manner with R or R representing any alkyl groups allows one to focus on the functional group characteristics of each compound ... 

Reactants Functional Group Characteristic Interunit Linkage Polymer Type... 

The functional groups characteristic of aldehydes and ketones are very similar they both contain a carbonyl group ... 

FTIR spectra of the synthesized powders demonstrate absorption bands of the chemical functional groups, characteristic to HAp phase (Fig. 8.). Number of [CO3] groups in those is different, but after thermal treatment at 1100°C for 1 h, the spectra become very similar (Fig. 9). 

Absorption bands of chemical functional groups characteristic to HAp phase can be defined... 

FIGURE 20.5 Examples of important classes of organic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups the functional groups characteristic of various classes of compounds are outlined by dashed lines. 

The occurrence of urinary 17-ketosteroids possessing functional groups characteristically found in adrenal cortical steroids provides further proof that this gland is an important source of urinary steroids. Such compounds are etiocholane-3a-ol-ll,17-dione (VI), etiocholane-3 ,ll 8-diol-17-one (VII), and their analogues in the androstane series (VIII, IX). The dio-lones may also be found as unsaturated monohydroxy-monoketones (see Section III,4). 

Acyclic portions of the structure are scanned to select substructure units bearing functional group characteristics, such as heteroatom compositions with unsaturated bonds. In the subsequent process of searching in a dictionary, each selected unit is... 

AH other organic compounds can be thought of as hydrocarbons with one or more functional groups—characteristic atoms or groups of atoms. 

A carbon-carbon triple bond is the functional group characteristic of the alkynes. The general formula for the alkynes is C H2 2, the same as that for the cycloalkenes. The common names for many alkynes are still in use, including acetylene, the common name of the smallest aUcyne, C2H2. Other alkynes are treated as its derivatives—for example, the alkylacetylenes. 

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