Fullerenes hybridizations

Baran P S, Monaco R R, Khan A U, Schuster D I and Wilson S R 1997 Synthesis and cation-mediated electronic interactions of two novel classes of porphyrin-fullerene hybrids J. Am. Chem. See. 119 8363-4... 

An artemisinin-fullerene hybrid 92, Fig. 7) was described by Jung et al Hybrid 92, inhibited by 50% angiogenesis processes at 5 nmol/egg, was were found to be more potent than malonate-linked dimer of artemisinin by itself (only 14% of reduction was observed). ... 

Ferrocene is composed of a pair of 6-7r-electron carbon arrays and a 6-d-electron iron(II) atom. Ferrocene-fullerene donor-acceptor dyads carry all the requisites for electron-transfer phenomena. However, data for the formation of ferrocene-fullerene hybrids are not abundant. Some such dyads have already been synthesized following the methodology of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the appropriate azome-thine ylides to C60, with either variable-spacing building blocks or a rigid-bridge all-cj-bonded framework, in order to tune the redox properties of the system [40,234, 248-251]. Another novel dyad that contained two covalently bound ferrocene units was recently synthesized via cyclopropanation of the fullerene core [252]. 

Wooley et al.234 reported the first dendrimer— fullerene hybrid, 165 (Scheme 21), via the alkylation of a prederivatized fullerene diphenol, 166, with the dendritic bromide 6. Because of purification problems related to impure fullerene starting material, Hawker et al. later investigated the direct cycloaddition235 of a fourth generation azide-functionalized Frechet-type dendron, 167, with Ceo- This dendritic fullerene, 168, could be easily isolated by flash chromatography and showed a significant increase in solubility over the parent fullerene. Avent et al. reported a similar cycloaddition of poly(phenylacetylene) dendrons bearing a focal tosylhydrazone functionality.236... 

The combination of sp , sp and sp hybridized atoms can give rise to a large number of carbon allotropic forms and phases, but only carbon solids based on all sp (diamond) and sp (graphite, fullerene) hybridization are well known and characterized [1]. In addition there are innumerable transitional forms of carbon where sp and sp hybridization bonds co-exist in the same... 

In summary, it has been shown that by infrared radiation charge-carriers can be directly excited across the interface of a silicon/fullerene hybrid hetero-junction. Besides its scientific relevance, the simple fabrication process as well as its compatibility with the well established silicon technology makes the presented hybrid approach a promising candidate for widespread applications. 

Ci5-hydrocarbon chain (Figure 32). It is remarkable that gold-porphyrin-fullerene hybrid systems yielded maximal EQE of 54% and power conversion efficiency of 1.5%. 

The OL efficiency of the fullerene-hybrid system can be enhanced, in principle, applying the bottleneck principle (Fig. 23-5) (Miles, 1994) to design a multilayer structure. The device optimizes the attenuation capabihty of a RSA optical limiter (Miles, 1994). To reach an efficient population of the excited state the laser fluence must be kept constant over the beam. The high flexibility of the FULP-hybrid nanocomposites allows to fabricate multilayer systems where the thickness of each layer can be easily adjusted, a multilayer system is formed, in fact, by FULP doped and undoped layers of controlled thickness (limocenzi, 1999). 

M. Lamrani, R. Hamasaki, M. Mitsuishi, T. Miyashita, Y. Yamamoto, Carborane-fullerene hybrids as a seemingly attractive-attractive dyad with high hyperpolarizabifity. Chem. Commun. 2000,1595. 

Bang, J. H. Kamat, P. V., CdSe quantum dot-fullerene hybrid nanocomposite for solar energy conversion Electron transfer and photoelectrochemistry. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 9421-9427. 

The idea of the fusion of a molecule of ferrocene with a molecule of fullerene is intriguing since such a bucky ferrocene would exhibit the properties of both parent molecules. Very recently professor Eiichi Nakamura, University of Tokyo, with his collaborators synthesized such a ferrocene/ fullerene hybrid molecule by a route as depicted in Figure 15.12.1. The route involved a suitably modified fullerene derivative that can act as a 6ji-electron donor to the d iron(II) atom. By heating C6oMe5H (1) and [FeCp(CO>2]2 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) together in benzonitrile at 180 °C for 8 hours, the product (2) was obtained in 52% isolated yield. 

Figure 15.12.1. Synthesis of ferrocene/fullerene hybrid molecule (2). The single and double bonds in fullerene are only formal, as for fullerene itself. (Reproduced by permission from the principal author E. Nakamura, and from the American Chemical Society.)...

Assess the impact of the nature of substiments on the optical properties of fullerene hybrid materials ... 

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