Fuel power range

Integrated Methanol Fuel Processor for the Sub-watt Power Range... 

Single-cycle fuel cell efficiencies range from 47 to 50%. The efficiency of combined-cycle fuel cells is about 60%, and if the generated heat is also recovered (in the form of hot water), the total efficiency can be around 80%. In comparison, the efficiency of gasoline engines is around 25%, of nuclear power plants about 35%, and of subcritical fossil fuel power plants, 37%. 

Fuel Cell Type Electrolyte Charge Carrier Operating Temperature Fuel Electric Efficiency (System) Power Range / Application... 

Table 3.3.1 also indicates suitable power ranges of the various fuel cell types and some of their typical applications. PEMFCs are clearly the most versatile class with strong focus on portable and automotive applications. High-temperature fuel cells are more often employed for stationary power generation. 

Fig. 4 shows the NO emissions with chipboard chips as fuel depending on primary air volume flow at different power ranges ... 

In an advanced plant concept for the low-power range, PHOEBUS 2, high-pressure electrolysis is employed to avoid the compression step. Other new components are an air-driven PEM fuel cell and optionally metal hydride as an alternative storage concept. The goal is a simplification of the whole system. 

A self-supporting SOFC-based power plant system, HEXIS (Heat Exchanger Integrated Stack), using circular planar elements has been developed by the Sulzer company in Switzerland for natural gas as a fuel and a power of up to 7 kW [26]. Field tests have started in summer 1997 commercialization is planned for the year 2002. The development goal is the construction of small-size systems in the power range of 1 - 200 kW. 

Ref. no. Kiln design Fuels Output range (t/d) Range of stone size (mm) Net heat usage (kcal/kg) Power usage (kWh/t)... 

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