Frontalis

Clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy similar to those seen in human occupational exposures to w-hexane can be produced in rats via the inhalation and oral routes, but not in other test species (Altenkirch et al. 1982 De Martino et al. 1987 Dunnick et al. 1989 Frontali et al. 1981 Huang et al. 1989 IRDC 1981 Krasavage etal. 1980 NTP 1991 Schaumburg and Spencer 1976 Takeuchi etal. 1980). Paranodal axonal swelling in mice (Dunnick et al. 1989 NTP 1991) and leg weakness in chickens (Abou-Donia et al. 1985) can be produced with inhalation exposure to -hexane, but these conditions do not progress to the severe neurotoxicity observed in humans and rats. The molecular mechanism... 

Frontali N, Amantini MC, Spagnolo AM, et al. 1981. Experimental neurotoxicity and urinary metabolites of the C5-C7 aliphatic hydrocarbons used as glue solvents in shoe manufacture. Clin Toxicol 18(12) 1357-1367. 

Figure 9.3. EPR spectra of membrane preparations of T. foetus and N. frontalis, reduced with dithionite and recorded at 30 K and microwave frequency 9.38 GHz.

Benchimol M, Durand R, Almeida JCA. 1997. A double membrane surrounds the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 154 277-82. 

Brondijk THC, Durand R, van der Giezen M, et al. 1997. scsb, a cDNA encoding the hydrogenosomal beta subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase from the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis. Mol Gen Genet 253 315-23. 

Salom SM, Billings RE, Upton WW, Dalusky MJ, Grosman DM, Payne TI, Berisford GW, Shaver TN, Effect of verbenone enantiomers and racemic endo-brevicomin on response of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera Scolitidae) to attractant-baited traps, Can JForRes22 S2 i—3 i, 1992. 

Biagini GA, van der Giezen M, Hill B, Winters C, Lloyd D (1994) Ca2+-accumulation in the hydrogenosome of Neocallimastix frontalis a mitochondrial-like physiological role. FEMS Microbiol Lett 149 227-232... 

Neocallimastix frontalis Malic enzyme MLAPIQTIARPVSSILPATGALAAKRTaFFA van der Giezen et al. (1997)... 

Fig. 4 Thin sections of the fungal hydrogenosome (H) from Neocallimastix frontalis. In a there is one hydrogenosome in the process of division and the inner hydrogenosomal membrane is in process of septum formation. Note that there is another hydrogenosome with a double membrane, which is not in process of division. In b all the hydrogenosomes are dividing, presenting internal septa. Bars = 100 nm. (From Benchimol et al. 1997)...

Fig. 5 Thin sections of a I foetus (a) and a fungal (b) hydrogenosome (H) from Neo-callimastix frontalis. Both hydrogenosomes are clearly enveloped by a double membrane (arrow in (a), arrowheads in (b)). Invaginations of the hydrogenosome membrane were occasionally observed (arrow in (a)). The black spot in (a) is a calcium deposit in the peripheral vesicle (asterisks). CW, cell wall. Bars = 100 nm. (Fig. 5a from Benchimol, unpublished Fig. 5b, from Benchimol et al. 1997)...

Davidson EA, van der Giezen M, Horner DS, Embley TM, Howe CJ (2002) An [Fe] hydrogenase from the anaerobic hydrogenosome-containing fungus Neocallimastix frontalis L2. Gene 296 45-52... 

Gelius-Dietrich G, Henze (2004) Pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) and PFL activating enzyme in the chytrid fungus Neocallimastix frontalis A free-radical enzyme system conserved across divergent eukaryotic lineages. J Eukaryot Microbiol 51 456-463... 

Gelius-Dietrich G, Ter Braak M, Henze (2007) Mitochondrial steps of arginine biosynthesis are conserved in the hydrogenosomes of the chytridiomycete Neocallimastix frontalis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 54 42-44... 

O Fallon JV, Wright RW, Calza RE (1991) Glucose metabolic pathways in the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis EB188. Biochem J 274 595-599 Orpin CG (1975) Studies on rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis. J Gen Microbiol 91 249-262... 

Orpin CG (1977) Occurrence of chitin in cell-walls of rumen organisms neocallimastix-frontalis, piromonas-communis and sphaeromonas-communis. J Gen Microbiol 99 215-218... 

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