From Daphne mezereum

Diterpenes from Euphorbiaceae are toxic to livestock, and so are daphnane and daphnetoxin, diterpenes from Daphne mezereum (Thymelaeaceae). Toxins fromRhododendron are diterpenes. 

Kreher B, Neszmelyi A, Wagner H (1990) Triumbellin, a Tricoumarin Rhamnopyranoside from Daphne mezereum. Phytochemistry 29 3633... 

Kupchan SM, Baxter RL. Mezerein antileukemie prineiple isolated from Daphne mezereum L. Arzneimittelforschung 1991 Oct 41(10) 1072-6 Arzneimittelforschung 1991 Oct 41(10) 1072-6. 

A number of plant toxins are cyclic members of this series. Huratoxin is the piscicidal constituent of Hura crepitans (Euphorbiaceae). X-Ray analysis showed 34 jjg structure [117 R - H, R = CH CH-CH CH(CH2)8Me] was related to daphnetoxin (117 R = H, R = Ph). Mezerein (117) which is the toxic principle of Daphne mezereum, containsthe cinnamylidene acetic ester (R ) and orthobenzoate (R ) units. Ingenol (118), as its 3-hexadecanoic acid ester, is an irritant isolated from Euphorbia ingens Its structure was determined by X-ray analysis of the triacetate. 

Daphnoretin (4) is a dicoumarin isolated from Th3mielaceous plants, (Wikstroemia indica. Daphne mezereum and D. cannabind) that directly activates PKC, which in turn elicits the respiratory burst in rat neutrophils. 

From the shrub Daphne mezereum. Berries and bark poisonous, vesicant. A girl died of eating 12 berries burning sensation in mouth, vomiting, giddy, narcosis, convulsions, death. 

Mezeron bark The bark from a small European shrub Daphne mezereum. 

Daphnanes are more frequently found such as daphnetoxin in flowers and bark of Daphne species exemplified by Daphne mezereum (Thymeliaceae), irritating human skin and mucous membranes, as well as (+)-resiniferatoxin from Euphorbia resinifera and related species. Some daphnanes are reported to have antineoplastic and antileukemic activities. 

Daphnin. T-P-D-GlucopyraHosyfoxy-g-ftydroxy-2H-1 -benzopyran-2-onc 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin 7 -,i - > -glu -coside daphnetin 7-d-D-glucoside 7-glucosido-8-hydroxy-coumarin. C,5II,fcOg mol wt 340.28. C 52.94%, H 4.74%, O 42.3 . -. In bark and flower of Daphne spp. Extraction from fresh bark of >. mezereum L Thymelaeaceae Be illicit ... 

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