From carbonaceous materials

Johnson, S. W. US5468626 [43] Method for separating a sulfur compound from carbonaceous materials. 

Method for the removal of organic sulfur from carbonaceous materials [78],... 

Gasification is not an incineration or combustion process. Rather, it is a conversion process that produces more valuable and useful products from carbonaceous material. Table 1.1 compares the general features of gasification and combustion technologies. 

Several novel heat sources and chemistries have also been explored for hydrogen from organic biomass. Safrany (1971) has proposed the use of a thermonuclear device to vaporize waste organic materials in an underground, large-scale plasma process. In the 1980s, two novel processes for hydrogen from carbonaceous materials were presented (Milne et al., 2002). 

Activated carbon is manufactured from carbonaceous materials, such as petroleum coke, sawdust, lignite, coal, peat, wood, charcoal, nutshells, and fruit pits. Activation is a physical change wherein the surface of the carbon is increased by the removal of hydrocarbons by any one of several methods. The most widely used methods involve treatment of the carbonaceous material with oxidizing gases such as air, steam, or carbon dioxide, and the carbonization of the raw material in the presence of chemical agents such as zinc chloride or phosphoric acid. 

A gasifier is used to produce synthesis gas from carbonaceous material. The solid is packed in a column, and gas is passed up through the bed, producing a mixture of combustible products, primarily methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with a low to medium BTU content. 

Apart from carbonaceous materials, other examples of nanocomposites can be found gold nanoparticles can be incorporated into PPy in a full electrochemical process using oxidation-reduction cycles. Alternatively a synthetic route consists in electroplating gold on PPy nanowires synthesized by a template electrochemical method. ... 

Phosgene can be prepared from carbon monoxide, from halogenated hydrocarbons, from carbonaceous materials, from carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide or carbon disulfide, and from other oxygenated compounds [39]. The method based on the chlorination of carbon monoxide is by far the most important and has been scaled-up for the commercial manufacture of phosgene. 

Flow-through electrodes are porous electrodes made mainly from carbonaceous materials (with the necessary catalysts deposited on the inner pore surface) through which an electrolyte solution containing the reactant is pumped at a given... 

---