Freshwater arsenite oxidation

Copper compounds are used routinely and widely to control freshwater snails that serve as intermediate vectors of schistosomiasis and other diseases that afflict humans (Hasler 1949 NAS 1977 Rowe and Prince 1983 Winger etal. 1984 Al-Sabri etal. 1993). These compounds include copper sulfate, copper pentachlorophenate, copper carbonate, copper-tartaric acid, Paris green (copper arsenite-acetate), copper oxide, copper chloride, copper acetyl acetonate, copper dimethyl dithiocar-bamate, copper ricinoleate, and copper rosinate (Cheng 1979). Also, many species of oyster enemies are controlled by copper sulfate dips. All tested species of marine gastropods, tunicates, echinoderms, and crabs that had been dipped for 5 seconds in a saturated solution of copper sulfate died if held in air for as little as a few seconds to 8 h mussels, however, were resistant (MacKenzie 1961). 

Oscarson, D. W., Huang, P. M., and Liaw, W. K. (1981b). Role of manganese in the oxidation of arsenite by freshwater lake sediments. Clays Clay Miner. 29, 219-225. 

Oscarson, D.W., W.K. Liaw, and P.M. Huang. 1981c. The kinetics and components involved in the oxidation of arsenite by freshwater sediments. Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Lim-nol. 21 181-186. 

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