Freezing phenomena

Let us return to the simple case of a two-component (c = 2) A/B chemical solution (A = solvent, B = solute ), as considered in Chapter 6. We focus primarily on the fluid (liquid-vapor) region of the phase diagram, neglecting for the moment the melting/ freezing phenomena that lie at lower T and higher P. 

For quantitative understanding of the freezing phenomena in cylindrical pore, the geometrical hindrance effect should somehow be evaluated. 

Freezing phenomena in nanoscale pores were investigated with the aid of various molecular simulation techniques. The benefit of employing molecular simulation would be that we were able to observe individual contribution of important factors that may affect the phenomena, while experimental measurements may suffer from complication by simultaneous affection of some factors. In the following summarized conclusions are shown referring to Fig. 8. 

Akyurt, M., Zaki, G., and Habeebullah, B. 2002. Freezing phenomena in iee-water systems. Energy Conversion and Management A3 1773-1789. 

A magnetic study of magnetron-sputtered amorphous U27Fe73 films was performed by Freitas et al. (1988). Arrott plots indicate magnetic ordering below 32 K. The freezing phenomena found at low temperatures were interpreted in terms of random-anisotropy ferromagnetism. 

Overloop, K. and Van Gerven, L. 1993. Freezing phenomena in adsorbed water as studied by NMR. J. Magn. Reson. A 101 179-187. 

Chikahisa, T. Microscopic observations of freezing phenomena in PEM fuel-cells at cold starts. HeatTransfer Eng. 34 2-3 (2013), pp. 258-265. 

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