Freeze drying tertiary butyl alcohol

De Luca et al. [1.48] showed, that the addition of 5 % tertiary butyl alcohol (tBA) to aqueous sucrose and lactose solutions (up to 40 %) resulted in a frozen matrix, which could be easily freeze dried. De Luca demonstrated by DSC that the melting point rose distinctly (with 60 % solution to -10 °C), but the endothermic of melting returned to 25 %, indicating that not much water had frozen. In solutions with 5 % tBA the exothermic of crystallization became more visible and the melting of tBA could be recognized. 

Kasrajan, K., De Lucca, P. O. Thermal analysis of tertiary butyl alcohol-water system and its implication on freeze-drying. Pharm. Res. 12 (4), p. 484—90, 1995... 

Oesterle, J., Franks, F., Auffret, T. The influence of tertiary butyl alcohol and volatile salts on the sublimation of ice from frozen sucrose solution Implications for freeze drying. Pharmaceutical Developments and Technology, 3 (2), p. 175-183, 1998. Copyright 1998 by Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N. Y., USA... 

De Luca, P. P., Klamat, M.S., Koida, C. Acceleration of freeze-drying cycles of aqueous solutions of lactose and sucrose with tertiary butyl alcohol (tBA). Congr. Int. Technol. Pharm., 5th, Vol. 1, pp. 439 447,1989... 

Much attention has been devoted to optimizing freeze-dr3dng cycles. Recent studies have shown that addition of tertiary butyl alcohol (TEA) can markedly improve the freeze-drying process. 

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