Free-draining mode

Fig. 5.1 Illustration of the flow profiles for the solvent to pass through the polymer coil with (a) the non-draining mode and (b) the free-draining mode...

The scaling exponent (9/5) appears smaller than that (2) for the characteristic relaxation time of the Rouse chain. This implies that the Zimm chain diffuses faster than the Rouse chain, because the nmi-draining mode of the single coil incurs less frictional hindrance than the free-draining mode. Accordingly, the diffusion coefficient of the Zimm chain is... 

In contrast, beyond each blob, the motion range of monomers is larger than where the conditions for the free-draining mode are restored due to the interpenetration of polymer chains. Therefore, the Rouse model is applicable. 

Consequently, this relaxation time is predicted to be nearly independent of the number of arms. Dielectric relaxation experiments for stars up to 18 arms by Boese et al. [95] show this behavior. The rotational relaxation time, however, can be considered similar to longest internal modes, i.e., it depends on the overall size and, assuming free draining... 

As was the case with the free-draining model, the relaxation spectrum of the first, collective modes is flat, whereas it is unchanged with respect to the unperturbed state for more localized modes (see Figure 6). With the open chain, analytical difficulties prevent us from obtaining a closed-form solution. Numerical calculations show that the same results hold for the open chain... 

In the waiting mode, the condensers are flooded with water, and there are almost no heat losses. When the steam pressure is increased up to a certain value (for any reason), the valves open and the condensate is drained to the separator. This sets the heat exchange surface free, and the steam begins to condense until the steam pressure decreases to a certain predetermined level. 

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