Franke method

The effect of 0, 0.3,1.0, and 3% SMF on the hydration of C3S has been investigated using the XRD and Franke methods of determining lirnc.l l At 12 hours, the degree of hydration, in terms of C3S reacted, was only 8% in the presence of the superplasticizer whereas for the reference material the value was 34%. Thus, a significant amount of retardation seems to have taken place. Thermal methods have also been applied to determine the amount of lime formed at different times in the presence of 0, 0.32, and 1.0% SMF. The results are summarized in Table 2. At 1 day, there is retardation in the formation of lime, and a severe retardation is evident with 1% SMF. At 3 days and beyond, a slight acceleration seems to occur with SMF. 

Franke and co-workers evaluated a standard additions method for a voltammetric determination of Tl. A summary of their results is tabulated here. 

The combined Fenske-Underwood-Gillilland method developed by Frank [100] is shown in Figure 8-47. This relates product purity, actual reflux ratio, and relative volatility (average) for the column to the number of equilibrium stages required. Note that this does not consider tray efficiency, as discussed elsewhere. It is perhaps more convenient for designing new columns than reworking existing columns, and should be used only on at acent-key systems. 

In order to estimate the value of the dissociation constant of the TaF72 complex according to the aforementioned scheme (61), TaF72 = F + TaF6, analysis of the available volume values was performed using a modified method developed by Frank and Foster [329]. This method is based on two main initial assumptions. The first is that the dissociation constant remains... 

Conduct exploratory and engineering activities in the methods and technology of manufacture as applied to assigned commodities and their components, materials and ancillary equipment except projectile metal parts which are the responsibility of Frank ford Arsenal, and specified elements of chemical items which are the re-sponsibility of Edge wood Arsenal. This is to include support of plant/facilities modernization within ARMCOM, abatement of environmental contamination caused by manufacturing processes and exploitation of automation techniques... 

This implicit equation is usually employed to derive values of rtn corresponding to the minima of G. Graphical methods for this purpose have been discussed by Drickamer and Frank [37]. The transition temperature is defined for nj, = 5, and this corresponds according to Eq. (13) to ... 

We are indebted to all authors for their weU-elaborated chapters, and we want to express our gratitude to Dr Andreas Sendtko and Dr Frank Weinreich from Wiley-VCH for their valuable contributions to this volume and the ongoing support of our series Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry. 

Finally, Burkhard Luy, Andreas Frank and Horst Kessler discuss Conformational Analysis of Drugs by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy . The determination and refinement of molecular conformations comprehends three main methods distance geometry (DG), molecular dynamics (MD) and simulated anneahng (SA). In principle, it is possible to exclusively make use of DG, MD or... 

I. E. Frank, Intermediate least-squares regression method. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 1 (1987) 233-242. 

R. Franke, Theoretical Drug Design Methods, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984. 

Bogusz, M., Franke, J. P., de Zeeuw, R. A., and Erkens, M., An overview of the standardization of chromatographic methods for screening analysis in toxicology by means of retention indices and secondary standards. Part II. High performance liquid chromatography, Fresenius ]. Anal. Chem., 347, 73, 1993. 

In the correlations used to predict heat-transfer coefficients, the physical properties are usually evaluated at the mean stream temperature. This is satisfactory when the temperature change is small, but can cause a significant error when the change in temperature is large. In these circumstances, a simple, and safe, procedure is to evaluate the heat-transfer coefficients at the stream inlet and outlet temperatures and use the lowest of the two values. Alternatively, the method suggested by Frank (1978) can be used in which equations 12.1 and 12.3 are combined ... 

As a rough guide, the following rules of thumb suggested by Frank (1978) can be used to decide the design method to use for a partial condenser (cooler-condenser) ... 

A common practice is to calculate the pressure drop using the methods for single-phase flow and apply a factor to allow for the change in vapour velocity. For total condensation, Frank (1978) suggests taking the pressure drop as 40 per cent of the value based on the inlet vapour conditions Kern (1950) suggests a factor of 50 per cent. 

A study by van Edmonds (1994), using the HTFS TREB4 program, found that Frank and Pricket s method gave acceptable predictions for pure components and binary mixtures with water, but that the results were unreliable for other mixtures. Also, van Edmonds results predicted higher flux values than those obtained by Pricket and Frank. 

For preliminary designs for pure components, or near pure components, Pricket and Frank s method should give a conservative estimate of the operating heat flux. It is not recommended for mixtures, other than binary mixtures with water. 

Taylor, Frank Sherwood. "The theoretical basis and practical methods of transmutation of metals as practised by the early alchemists (before 800 A.D.)." BSc thesis, Oxford Univ, 1925. 

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