Francke, Matthaus

Lass, H. U., Mohrholz, V., Seifert, T, 2005. On pathways and residence time of saltwater plumes in the Arkona Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, Cl 1019, doi 10.1029/2004JC002848. Lass, H. U., Prandke, H., Liljebladh, B., 2003. Dissipation in the Baltic proper during winter stratification. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(C6), 3187. doi 10. 1029/2002JC001401. Lass, H. U., Schwabe, R., Matthaus, W., Francke, E., 1987. On the dynamics of water exchange... 

Matthaus, W., Franck, H., 1992. Characteristics of major Baltic inflows—a statistical analysis. Continental Shelf Research, 12, 1375-1400. 

Matthaus, W., Francke, E., Lass, H. U., Schwahe, R., 1982. Untersuchungen der Wasseraustausch-prozesse im Bereich der DarPer Schwelle. Beitrage zur Meereskunde, Berlin, 47, 31-50. 

Francke, E., Matthaus, W., 1984. International Baltic observation programmes and their advantage for baseline studies of the Baltic Sea. Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Reunion, Conseil Permanent International pour I Exploration de la Mer, 185, 30-38. 

The definite identification and general classification of all inflow events regardless of their effects on the various deep basins can be done by the salinity conditions in the entrance sill area (Wyrtki, 1954 Wolf, 1972 Matthaus and Franck, 1992). Another occasionally used characterization of the inflow events is based on their effects on the hydrographic and chemical conditions in the central Baltic deep water (cf. e.g., Kalle, 1943 Fonselius, 1969 Nehring, 1990). The latter method has a certain drawback because the effects depend not only on the intensity of the inflows but also on the bottom topography, the density of the bottom water, and the buffering capacity of various deep basins. 

Bornholm Basin renewing the ambient deepwater to a certain extent and causing seasonal variations (Matthaus, 1977, 1978 Franck, 1985). 

FIGURE 10.3 Major Baltic inflows (MBls) between 1880 and 2007 and their seasonal distribution (upper right) shown in terms of their relative intensity (Matthaus and Franck, 1992 Fischer and Matthaus, 1996 supplemented and updated by Matthaus, 2006a) and 5-year running means of river runoff to the Baltic Sea (inside the entrance sills) averaged from September to March (shaded). Black boxes on the time axis MBls arranged in clusters. 

Franck and Matthaus (1992) investigated the sea-level conditions associated with MBls. They described inflow processes linked to MBls by two fundamental parts the precursory and the inflow periods (cf. Fig. 10.5, middle part of the lower panel). The precursory period covers the time from the minimum Baltic Sea level preceding a major inflow to the start of that event. It is characterized by the inflow of water with relatively low salinity across the... 

FIGURE 10.4 Seasonal variation of temperature T and oxygen concentration O2 (monthly means and extreme values) of the water penetrating into the Baltic Sea during MBIs (Matthaus and Franck, 1988). 

Matthaus and Franck (1990) estimated the water volumes entering the Baltic Sea during MBIs and calculated the frequency distribution of the water volumes penetrating during the... 

FIGURE 10.8 Frequency distributions of the water volumes (in km ) penetrating before the beginning of the MBI at the Darss Sill (a), during the event (b), and during the complete inflow interval (c) (Matthaus and Franck, 1990). 

Franck, H., Matthaus, W., Sammler, R., 1987. Major inflows of saline water into the Baltic Sea during the present century. Geriands Beitrage zur Geophysik, Leipzig, 96, 517-531. 

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