Fractional removal calculation

This equation can be used for the calculation of the fractional removal of B from the gas only by reaction. This does not account for B that might be removed from the effluent liquid (Smith, 1981). 

A measure used for the performance of the reactor is the dry hydrogen mole fraction, which is is the hydrogen mole fraction of the gas after steam is removed. The dry mole fractions are calculated as ... 

The initial oil content on a dry basis is needed to calculate the fraction removed for different times. 

Figure 5 presents an example of the excitation probability S (v) and the VDOS D (v) for the iron atom in the molecule Fe(TPP)(l-MeIm)(CO), as determined from measurements on a polycrystalline sample. Sharp features in both representations of the experimental data clearly identify vibrational frequencies above 100cm , although low-frequency vibrational features are more apparent in the VDOS representation. The VDOS also provides the most convenient estimate of the mode composition factor since the area of each feature directly yields the sum of values for all contributing vibrations. This avoids the need to remove the additional factors in equation (5) that contribute to the area of a feature in S (v), with the subtleties associated with determining an appropriate value for the recoilless fraction /. However, calculation of D (v) from S (v) involves implicit assumptions that may not be valid in some situations, for example, when more than one molecular species contributes to the experimental signal or when vibrational anisotropy is significant. 

McCullough et al heated NO/Ar mixtures to temperatures in the range 1750-2100 K in an alumina flow tube reactor and monitored the fractional decomposition of NO as a function of flow rate (residence time) in the reactor using a commercial chemiluminescent analyzer. Experiments at low temperatures were also performed but the data were excluded because of the influence of surface reactions. The high-temperature central section of the reactor was packed with small pieces of alumina to promote uniform flow, and pulsed tracer experiments were conducted to determine deviations from plug flow. A detailed kinetic and flow model was used, with some simplifications to reduce computing time, to calculate the fractional removal of NO versus flow rate. A... 

Cost estimation and screening external MSAs To determine which external MSA should be used to remove this load, it is necessary to determine the supply and target compositions as well as unit cost data for each MSA. Towards this end, one ought to consider the various processes undergone by each MSA. For instance, activated carbon, S3, has an equilibrium relation (adsorption isotherm) for adsorbing phenol that is linear up to a lean-phase mass fraction of 0.11, after which activated carbon is quickly saturated and the adsorption isotherm levels off. Hence, JC3 is taken as 0.11. It is also necessary to check the thermodynamic feasibility of this composition. Equation (3.5a) can be used to calculate the corresponding... 

Statistical calculations lead to the prediction that a fraction 1/e, or 13.5 percent, of the halogen should fail to react owing to isolation between reacted pairs of units as indicated above. The observed extent of halogen removal is in good agreement with this figure. If, on the... 

Thus Marvel and Levesque found that from 79 to 85 percent of the oxygen was removed in this process, to be compared with the theoretically calculated figure of 81.6 percent (fraction unreacted equal to 1/c) for intramolecular reaction of this type in a head-to-tail polymer. A head-to-head, tail-to-tail arrangement, consisting of 1,4-diketone structures, should be expected to yield furan rings... 

As a noble gas, Rn in groundwater does not react with host aquifer surfaces and is present as uncharged single atoms. The radionuclide Rn typically has the highest activities in groundwater (Fig. 1). Krishnaswami et al. (1982) argued that Rn and all of the other isotopes produced by a decay are supplied at similar rates by recoil, so that the differences in concentrations are related to the more reactive nature of the other nuclides. Therefore, the concentration of Rn could be used to calculate the recoil rate for all U-series nuclides produced by a recoil. The only output of Rn is by decay, and with a 3.8 day half-life it is expected to readily reach steady state concentrations at each location. Each measured activity (i.e., the decay or removal rate) can therefore be equated with the input rate. In this case, the fraction released, or emanation efficiency, can be calculated from the bulk rock Ra activity per unit mass ... 

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