Fractional remainders

It ll take Sarah another 1 hour and 16 minutes (changing the fractional remainder to minutes) to finish up the job by herself. 

A separation system involves the use of both an absorber and stripping colunm. The gas feed to the absorber is 100 kmole/hr and contains a 0.15 mole fraction of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The liquid feed to the top is THF (0.01 mole fraction remainder water). Vapor product from the top has a 0.01 mole fraction THF. Bottom liquid from the absorber is 0.40 mole fraction THF, which is then fed to the top of a stripper. 

Light oil of camphor is an almost colourless fraction containing a small amount of camphor, about 30% of cineole and the remainder terpenes. 

Place 35 ml. of water in the separatory funnel and run it into the vigoroiisly stirred reaction mixture at such a rate that rapid refluxing occurs. Follow this by a cold solution of 15-5 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid in 135 ml. of water. Two practically clear layers will now be present in the flask. Decant as much as possible of the ethereal layer A) into a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask. Transfer the remainder, including the aqueous layer, into a separatory funnel wash the residual solid with two 10 ml. portions of ether and combine these washings with the liquid in the separatory funnel. Separate the ethereal portion and combine it with (A). Distil off the ether through an efficient fraction-... 

In a 1-litre three-necked flask, mounted on a steam bath and provided respectively with a separatory funnel, mechanical stirrer and double surface condenser, place 165 g. of bromoform (96 per cent.). Add 10 ml. of a solution of sodium arsenite made by dissolving 77 g. of A.R. arsenious oxide and 148 g. of A.R. sodium hydroxide in 475 ml. of water. Warm the mixture gently to start the reaction, and introduce the remainder of the sodium arsenite solution during 30-45 minutes at such a rate that the mixture refluxes gently. Subsequently heat the flask on the steam bath for 3-4 hours. Steam distil the reaction mixture (Fig. 11, 41, 1) and separate the lower layer of methylene bromide (79 g.). Extract the aqueous layer with about 100 ml. of ether a further 3 g. of methylene bromide is obtained. Dry with 3-4 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride, and distil from a Claisen flask with fractionating side arm. The methylene bromide boils constantly at 96-97° and is almost colourless. 

It will be noted that the by-products are both gaseous. In practice, a slight excess over the theoretical quantity (20-75 per cent.) of thionyl chloride is used some of this is volatilised with the gaseous by-products and the remainder is easily removed by fractional distillation (thionyl chloride has b.p. 77°). 

Olefins are produced primarily by thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock which takes place at low residence time in the presence of steam in the tubes of a furnace. In the United States, natural gas Hquids derived from natural gas processing, primarily ethane [74-84-0] and propane [74-98-6] have been the dominant feedstock for olefins plants, accounting for about 50 to 70% of ethylene production. Most of the remainder has been based on cracking naphtha or gas oil hydrocarbon streams which are derived from cmde oil. Naphtha is a hydrocarbon fraction boiling between 40 and 170°C, whereas the gas oil fraction bods between about 310 and 490°C. These feedstocks, which have been used primarily by producers with refinery affiliations, account for most of the remainder of olefins production. In addition a substantial amount of propylene and a small amount of ethylene ate recovered from waste gases produced in petroleum refineries. 

The coal tar first is processed through a tar-distillation step where ca the first 20 wt % of distillate, ie, chemical oil, is removed. The chemical oil, which contains practically all the naphthalene present in the tar, is reserved for further processing, and the remainder of the tar is distilled further to remove additional creosote oil fractions until a coal-tar pitch of desirable consistency and properties is obtained. 

In hydrological studies, the transfer of water between reservoirs is of primary interest. The magnitudes of the main reservoirs and fluxes (volume per time) are given in Figure 7. The oceans hold ca 76% of all the earth s water. Most of the remainder, ie, ca 21%, is contained in pores of sediments and in sedimentary rocks. A Httle more than 1% (or 73% of freshwater) is locked up in ice. The other freshwater reservoir of significant size is groundwater. Lakes, rivers, and the atmosphere hold a surprisingly small fraction of the earth s water. 

The ion transport number is defined as the fraction of current carried through the membrane by counterions. If the concentration of fixed charges in the membrane is high compared to the concentration of the ambient solution, then the mobile ions in the IX membrane are mosdy counterions, co-ions are effectively excluded, and the ion transport number then approaches 1. Commercial membranes have ion transport numbers in dilute solutions of ca 0.85—0.95. The relationship between ion transport number and current efficiency is shown in Figure 3 where is the fraction of current carried by the counterions (anions) through the AX membrane and is the fraction of current carried by the counterions (cations) through the CX membrane. The remainder of the current (1 — in the case of the AX membranes and (1 — in the case of the CX membranes is carried by co-ions and... 

Partial Fractions Rational functions are of the type f x)/g x) where /x) and g(x) are polynomial expressions of degrees m and n respectively. If the degree of/is higher than g, perform the algebraic division—the remainder will then be at least one degree less than the denominator. Consider the following types ... 

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