Fowler-Nordheim theory

Tunneling currents according to the Fowler-Nordheim theory are given by, [50]... 

The escape of electrons from traps by tunneling bears the same relation to the Poole-Frenkel theory as does the Fowler-Nordheim theory to the Schottky theory. It gives a law similar to the Fowler-Nordheim law. 

Field emission, also known as Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, is the process by which electrons tunnel through the work function barrier at a surface in the presence of a high electric field and are emitted into the vacuum. Fowler-Nordheim theory is generally used to quantitatively describe the... 

Summarizing, pure-field-enhanced emission mechanisms have been observed only in a few liquids.The probable reason is that since the Schottky and Fowler-Nordheim theories were developed for a metal-vacuum interface, their application implies that the liquid can be considered as a structurless dielectric not... 

This model proposes the Fowler-Nordheim process as the source of the charge carriers when it is known [cf. Section II.l(ii)] that experimentally observed currents differ from those predicted by Fowler-Nordheim theory (cf. Figs. 15 and 16). Furthermore, Kao s theory assumes a larger number of created negative charges than positive charges, which is against the law of electrical neutrality of a material. 

Figure 12-5. Representation of the calculated injection current on a In 7 vs 7 scale. The dashed hne indicates the slopes predicted by Fowler Nordheim tunneling theory for A=0.8eV assuming that the effective mass equals the free electron mass.

Fowler-Nordheim tunneling theory predicts that the tunneling current is an exponential function of 1/F [29]... 

It is obvious that the device efficiency, rj, must also be very sensitive to the barrier height, since the efficiency is limited by upon the minority carrier density. As suggested by Eqs. (4.3) and (4.4), Fig. 4.13 plots rt(r]) vs >3/2. The excellent agreement between the theory and the data confirms the use of the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling model for describing the carrier injection into the band structure of the semiconducting polymer. 

Forbes RG. Simple good approximations for the special elliptic functions in standard Fowler-Nordheim tunneling theory for a Schottky-Nordheim barrier. Appl Phys Lett 2006 89 1221-3. 

Eield emission (EE) (also known as field electron emission or electron field emission) is the emission of electrons from a solid surface into vacuum induced by an electrostatic field. FE was first explained by quantum tunneling of electrons in the late 1920s [1], and the theory of FE from bulk metals was proposed by Fowler and Nordheim [2]. A family of approximate equations, called Fowler-Nordheim equations (F-N equations), are named in their honor and have been shown in terms of experimentally measured quantities as... 

Th.e refinements of the theory, which have been worked out in particular by Houston, Bloch, Peierls, Nordheim, Fowler and Brillouin, have two main objects. In the first place, the picture of perfectly free electrons at a constant potential is certainly far too rough. There will be binding forces between the residual ions and the conduction electrons we must elaborate the theory sufficiently to make it possible to deduce the number of electrons taking part in the process of conduction, and the change in this number with temperature, from the properties of the atoms of the substance. In principle this involves a very complicated problem in quantum mechanics, since an electron is not in this case bound to a definite atom, but to the totality of the atomic residues, which form a regular crystal lattice. The potential of these residues is a space-periodic function (fig. 10), and the problem comes to this— to solve Schrodinger s wave equation for a periodic poten-tial field of this kind. That can be done by various approximate methods. One thing is clear if an electron... 

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