Fossils indigeneity

Our contribution to this project was to find and characterize these PAHs. In themselves, they could be biomarkers of fossilized organic matter of long ago, or they could have come from some nonliving source, such as metal-catalyzed reactions of organics on hot surfaces. If we could establish these PAHs as indigenous to the meteorite, then they would be the first observation of organic molecules found from Mars. 

The fi C values for the C12-C26 n-alkanes from six chondrites are shown in Figure 4 (Sephton et al, 2001). None of the n-alkanes exhibit either the C-enrichments or systematic isotopic trends that apparently characterize indigenous organic matter in meteorites. Most of the values are similar both in value and in the trends shown within homologous series to variations observed for terrestrial petroleum products or other terrestrial fossil hydrocarbons. These features confirm the long-held suspicion that these molecules are contaminants from the... 

Another extreme is represented by China and India, which rank first and second in population. Their respective per-capita energy consumptions were 4.4 and 1.7 barrels of oil equivalent in 1992, the smallest in this group of countries. Of the three fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—coal contributed 78 and 60% to energy demand in China and India, while natural gas contributed only 2 and 6%, respectively. This suggests that the indigenous reserves of coal are large and those of natural gas are small in these countries. 

Intuitively, these data suggest that countries in those regions having large amounts of specific proved fossil fuel reserves would tend, because of proximity to these resources, to consume more of the indigenous fossil fuels than those... 

Indigenous energy—geothermal energy helps reduce dependence on fossil or nuclear fuels and as such helps keep the economic benefits in the region. 

Macko S.A., Engel M.H. (1991) Assessment of indigeneity in fossil organic matter, amino acids and stable isotopes. Phil. Tans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 333, 367—74. 

Another worry, not strictly related to security but equally important, is the impact of imported oil and gas on a nation s balance of trade. For instance, the UK has enjoyed its own indigenous supplies from the North Sea for about 30 years and these have helped to provide economic stability. As the gas fields become exhausted and fossil fuels have to be imported, there will be a significant impact on the country s trade balance, especially in an era of rising energy prices. Many other nations suffer similarly. 

The assorted pathways to electricity generation will be adopted to varying degrees by different countries, as dictated by the associated costs, by politics and by national priorities. Where there are rich indigenous deposits of fossil fuels, governments will prefer to use these and, where not, will draw upon a diversity of primary energy sources to provide a secure future. 

Ginkgo extract (EGB). An extract prepared from leaves of the fossil tree Ginkgo biloba indigenous to China and Japan, containing glucosides of flavones... 

It should be noted that in other South and East Asia countries with few indigenous fossil fuel and little uranium ore reserves there is the same situation concerning effective nuclear fuel breeding by LMFR. Republic of Korea s LMFR program consists of development, design and construction of a prototype reactor of 150-350 MW(e) power. The first fully-proven reactor is planned to be in operation by 2025. In China, experimental fast reactor CEFR-25 is planned to become critical in 2005. 

---