Formulations, explanation

Science as we know it today did not exist several thousand years ago. No one knew what a controlled experiment was, and there were few tools for scientific exploration. In this setting, the power of mind and intellectual thought were considered the primary avenues to the truth. Curiosity sparked the interest of scholarly thinkers known as philosophers who considered the many mysteries of life. As they speculated about the nature of matter, many of the philosophers formulated explanations based on their own life experiences. 

Impartial committees, the so-called Committees of technical experts (CoE) are persons, possessing the necessary technical competence to, formulate explanations and interpretations... 

In formulating an explanation of this enhanced adsorption, there are several features to be accounted for the increase in adsorption occurs without hysteresis the amount of adsorbate involved is relatively small the Kelvin r -values are also small (e.g. for nitrogen, less than 17 A) and the effect is found in a region of relative pressures where, according to the simple tensile strength hypothesis, capillary condensate should be incapable of existence. 

The explanation of low-pressure hysteresis proposed by Amell and McDermott some thirty years ago was formulated in terms of the swelling of the particles which accompanies adsorption. The swelling distorts the structure, for example by prising apart weak junctions between primary... 

The lUPAC Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry continues its work, which is effectively open-ended. Guidance in the use of lUPAC rules (38) as well as explanations of their formulation (39) are available. A second volume on nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is in preparation it will be devoted to specialized areas. Some of the contents have had preliminary pubHcation in the journal Pure andJipplied Chemist, eg, "Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements" in 1944. 

Its oxidation to cyanuric acid (10) and its hydrolysis to biuret (11) and formic acid is also in agreement with the new formulation of allantoxaidine as a triazine derivative. A very strained explanation would be required to make these reactions conform to the original structure. 

For convenience of illustration and further explanations to be followed later, the free Pu1 ion is taken as an intermediate reactant in the formulation of Equations 5 and 6, although this... 

Once they have detected patterns, scientists develop hypotheses, possible explanations of the laws—or the observations—in terms of more fundamental concepts. Observation requires careful attention to detail, but the development of a hypothesis requires insight, imagination, and creativity. In 1807, John Dalton interpreted experimental results to propose the hypothesis that matter consists of atoms. Although Dalton could not see individual atoms, he was able to imagine them and formulate his atomic hypothesis. Dalton s hypothesis was a monumental insight that helped others understand the world in a new way. The process of scientific discovery never stops. With luck and application, you may acquire that kind of insight as you read through this text, and one day you may make your own extraordinary hypotheses. 

Oxymercuration of 4-f-butylcyclohexene, followed by NaBH4 reduction, gives czT-4-f-butylcyclohexanol and frans-3-f-butylcyclohexanol in approximately equal amounts. l-Methyl-4-f-butylcyclohexanol under similar conditions gives only czT-4-f-butyl-l-methylcyclohexanol. Formulate an explanation for these observations. 

An explanation for the choice of the formulation, for its composition, the ingredients used, and the container employed, supported by the necessary data on development pharmaceutics. 

The limitation of transfer function representation becomes plain obvious as we tackle more complex problems. For complex systems with multiple inputs and outputs, transfer function matrices can become very clumsy. In the so-called modem control, the method of choice is state space or state variables in time domain—essentially a matrix representation of the model equations. The formulation allows us to make use of theories in linear algebra and differential equations. It is always a mistake to tackle modem control without a firm background in these mathematical topics. For this reason, we will not overreach by doing both the mathematical background and the control together. Without a formal mathematical framework, we will put the explanation in examples as much as possible. The actual state space control has to be delayed until after tackling classical transfer function feedback systems. 

Chemists also adopted this concept and formulated such orbitals for chemical bonds and whole molecules. This led to a deeper knowledge and understanding and also provided a plausible explanation for many phenomena. But the price was a highly abstract formalism. It was not trivial, especially as theoreticians claimed that improved computer technology would allow chemistry to... 

The paradox of persistent poverty in an affluent society is another troubling issue calling for explanation. Reductionist theories are convenient people are simply driven - and limited - by their genes. This again is a time-worn idea. Eugenicists, for example, had explained pauperism as in the blood . In retrospect, it is easy to see the fallacies in such formulations, but similar beliefs have re-emerged in public discourse, appearing in a preoccupation with what makes people different. 

When considering the course of a periodate reaction, it is of the utmost importance to bear in mind that different bonds are broken at different rates and that new structures are continuously being formed as a result. Consequently, performance of a stepwise reaction often provides results permitting the formulation of a feasible explanation for an apparently erroneous,... 

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