Formation of hydrogen peroxide

In presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase, an aqueous solution of glucose undergoes oxidation to gluconic acid with formation of hydrogen peroxide which can be determined by anodic oxidation at a fixed potential. 

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen usually proceeds via two well-separated two-electron steps. The first step corresponds to the formation of hydrogen peroxide ... 

Bachowski GJ, Girotti AW (1988) Light-stimulated formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in the presence of uroporphyrin and ascorbate. Free Radic Biol Med 5 3-6... 

Redox reactions with metal porphyrins (MPs) as photocatalysts. A spectacular example here is the reaction that couples upon illumination with the sunlight, methanol oxidation to formaldehyde with the formation of hydrogen peroxide in be nzene-methanol mixture (90 10)... 

The formation of hydrogen peroxide by anodic oxidation of water has so far not been realized. 

Other reachons involving oxygen are those reachon steps in oxygen reduction which are of importance in their own right, such as the formation of hydrogen peroxide as a relahvely stable intermediate ... 

Figure 19 illustrates key steps of the FI2O2 formation at the nanostructured catalyst surface. An important feature is the imprintment and maintenance of the (11 0) crystal surface through the polymer template because the specific row of metal atoms favours the formation of hydrogen peroxide while minimizing byproducts such as water. 

When phenylamine comes into contact with sodium peroxide and water (formation of hydrogen peroxide) it combusts spontaneously. 

Tsuji, S., Shibata, T., Ohara K., Okada, N., Ito, Y., Factors affecting the formation of hydrogen peroxide in coffee, Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 32(6), 504, 1991. (Japanese) (CA117 68821h)... 

DelDuca M, Yeager E, Davies MO, Havorka F (1958) Isotopic technique in the study of the sonochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide. J Acoust Soc Am 30(4) 301-307... 

Figure 12.6 The immobilized glucose oxidase/lactoperoxidase system radioiodinates proteins through the intermediate formation of hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. H2O2 then reacts with iodide anions to form reactive iodine (I2). This efficiently drives the formation of the highly reactive H2OI+ species that is capable of iodinating tyrosine or histidine residues (see Figure 12.2).

M. Anbar and I. Pecht, On the sonochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in water. J. Phys. Chem. 68, 352-355 (1964). 

Water hydrolyzes the formed moloxide with the formation of hydrogen peroxide ... 

The formation of hydrogen peroxide as the product of peroxyl radical reactions in the cage [187-192],... 

In the oxidation of isopropyl alcohol, the kinetics of formation of hydrogen peroxide for [H202] = 0.7 mol L 1 is described by the equation [58]... 

Fig. 35 Mechanism of formation of hydrogen peroxide in the Wagnerova Type II photooxygenation of alcohols and its in-situ use to epoxidize alkenes and oxidized sulfides.

It was established that Cu(II) promotes the formation of hydrogen peroxide. However, most likely this effect was partly offset by a Fenton-type side reaction with Cu(I) ... 

Zuo, Y., and J. Hoigne (1992), "Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Depletion of Oxalic Acid in Atmospheric Water by Photolysis", Env. Sci. Technol., submitted. 

P. Landon, P. J. Collier, A. J. Papworth, C. J. Kiely, and G. J. Hutchings, Direct formation of hydrogen peroxide from H2/02 using a gold catalyst, Chem. Commun. 18,2058-2059 (2002). 

Cooper WJ, Zika RG, Photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in surface and ground water exposed to sunlight, Science 220 711—712, 1983. 

These pathways are thought to result in the production of superoxide (13) or in the release of superoxide directly from the particles themselves. Superoxide production leads to the formation of hydrogen peroxide, and metal ions such as Fe + react with hydrogen peroxide to produce the hydroxyl radical. It is well documented that the hydroxyl radical can damage DNA as well as lipids and proteins (18, 19). Some of the health effects of cigarette tar and smoke are attributed to free radicals that can initiate production of superoxide and hydroxyl radical (3, 10, 11, 20, 21). (Adapted from Dellinger et al., 2001)... 

The mechanism proposed for SSAO-catalyzed oxidations is shown in Scheme 1 [16], A molecular oxygen-dependent oxidation converts the reduced cofactor back to the quinone with the formation of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. 

Sauer, F., C. Schafer, P. Neeb, O. Horie, and G. K. Moortgat, Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Ozonolysis of Isoprene and Simple Alkenes under Humid Conditions, Atmos. Enriron., 33, 229-24f (f999). 

Anastasio, C., B. C. Faust, and J. M. Allen, Aqueous Phase Photochemical Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Authentic Cloud Waters, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8231-8248 (1994). 

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